How to Simulate Bus Topology Projects Using MATLAB

To simulate a bus topology network in MATLAB has includes to generate a linear structure in which the multiple nodes such as computers or devices are linked to a single interaction line or bus. Each node can transmit and gets the data, however only one device can send data at a time to mitigate collisions.

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The given below is a detailed procedure to replicate the bus topology in MATLAB.

Steps to Simulate a Bus Topology

1. Define Network Topology:
   • It signifies the bus by way of a single communication channel distributed by all nodes.
   • Describe the amount of nodes (devices) associated to the bus.
2. Simulate Data Transmission:
   • Every node can tries to send data at random intervals.
   • Establish a collision detection mechanism to make sure that only one transmission at a time.
   • Design the latency according to the bus length, data rate, and distance among nodes.
3. Implement Collision Detection and Avoidance:
   • If two nodes attempts to send instantaneously, identify a collision and implement a back-off strategy, in which each node waits for a arbitrary latency before attempting to retransmit.
4. Visualize Network Traffic and Performance:
   • Measure the parameters like successful transmissions, collisions, retransmissions, and latency.

Example Code for Simulating Bus Topology in MATLAB

Here’s an instance of MATLAB script to replicate a simple bus topology network with collision classification.

% Parameters for Bus Topology Simulation

numNodes = 5;            % Number of nodes on the bus

simulationTime = 50;     % Duration of the simulation in seconds

dataRate = 1000;         % Data rate in bits per second

packetSize = 100;        % Packet size in bits

busLength = 500;         % Length of the bus in meters

propagationSpeed = 2e8;  % Propagation speed in meters per second

transmissionInterval = 10; % Average interval (in seconds) between transmissions

% Initialize Counters

transmissionAttempts = zeros(numNodes, simulationTime);

successfulTransmissions = zeros(1, simulationTime);

collisions = zeros(1, simulationTime);

% Function to Calculate Propagation Delay

propagationDelay = @(distance) distance / propagationSpeed;

% Simulate Network Activity Over Time

for t = 1:simulationTime

activeNodes = []; % Nodes attempting to transmit at this time

% Each node decides whether to transmit based on random intervals

for node = 1:numNodes

if rand() < (1 / transmissionInterval)

activeNodes = [activeNodes, node];

transmissionAttempts(node, t) = 1; % Log transmission attempt

end

end

% Check for collisions

if length(activeNodes) > 1

% Collision occurs when multiple nodes attempt transmission simultaneously

collisions(t) = collisions(t) + 1;

disp([‘Time ‘ num2str(t) ‘s: Collision detected with nodes ‘ num2str(activeNodes)]);

% Back-off: Each node waits for a random delay before retrying

elseif length(activeNodes) == 1

% Successful transmission when only one node is active

node = activeNodes(1);

distance = abs((node – 1) * (busLength / (numNodes – 1))); % Distance from start of bus

delay = propagationDelay(distance);

successfulTransmissions(t) = 1; % Log successful transmission

disp([‘Time ‘ num2str(t) ‘s: Node ‘ num2str(node) ‘ successfully transmitted with delay ‘ num2str(delay) ‘s’]);

end

end

% Visualize Results

time = 1:simulationTime;

figure;

subplot(3,1,1);

plot(time, sum(transmissionAttempts, 1), ‘-b’, ‘DisplayName’, ‘Transmission Attempts’);

title(‘Transmission Attempts Over Time’);

xlabel(‘Time (s)’);

ylabel(‘Attempts’);

legend;

subplot(3,1,2);

plot(time, successfulTransmissions, ‘-g’, ‘DisplayName’, ‘Successful Transmissions’);

title(‘Successful Transmissions Over Time’);

xlabel(‘Time (s)’);

ylabel(‘Success’);

legend;

subplot(3,1,3);

plot(time, collisions, ‘-r’, ‘DisplayName’, ‘Collisions’);

title(‘Collisions Over Time’);

xlabel(‘Time (s)’);

ylabel(‘Collisions’);

legend;

Explanation of the Code

• Parameters:
  • numNodes sets the amount of devices on the bus.
  • busLength and propagationSpeed are utilized to estimate the latency each packet experiences when migrant via the bus.
• Propagation Delay:
  • propagationDelay estimates the time it takes for data to transmit from one end of the bus to another, according to the distance among nodes.
• Transmission and Collision Detection:
  • Every node arbitrarily selects to forward the data based on the transmissionInterval.
  • If more than one node tries to send at the same time, a collision is recorded, and each and every node needs to wait for a random back-off period.
  • If only one node sends, it is recorded by way of a successful transmission.
• Visualization:
  • The initial plot displays transmission attempts over time.
  • The second plot illustrates successful transmissions through time.
  • The third plot demonstrates collisions over time, focussed on network congestion.

Analysis and Extension Ideas

• Variable Back-off: Execute exponential back-off techniques for more accurate collision avoidance.
• Distance-based Delay: To deliberate changing distances among nodes to replicate different propagation latency accurately.
• Bandwidth Utilization: Estimate and demonstrates the bandwidth usage of the bus through time.
• Node-Specific Traffic Patterns: Incorporate diverse traffic generation rates for each node to replicate diverse network utilization.

We expounded the simulation process in step-by-step procedures that enable to implement and asses the performance for bus topology network using the tool of MATLAB. We plan to deliver more information regarding this process in upcoming manual.