To simulate drone-based Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) utilizing NS2 (Network Simulator 2), which encompasses numerous steps, containing setting up the NS2 environment, describing the network topology, and incorporating mobility models for drones and vehicles. The following is a general guidelines on how to configure a simulation for a drone-based VANET project:
Steps to Simulate Drone Based VANET Projects in NS2
- Install NS2
Make sure we have NS2 installed on the system. We can download it from the official NS2 website or install it utilizing the system’s package manager.
sudo apt-get install ns2
- Install NS2 Mobility Extensions
For drone mobility, we will require a mobility model for both vehicles and drones. Unless already available then we install the BonnMotion mobility generator or a same tool to replicate realistic mobility patterns for drones and vehicles.
sudo apt-get install bonnmotion
- Understand the VANET and UAV Integration
In a drone-based VANET simulation, drones can function as flying base stations or nodes, which improve communication among vehicles. We will be required to change the standard VANET simulation to integrate aerial mobility for drones.
- Modify the TCL Script
NS2 uses TCL scripts for describing simulation metrics. Below is a simple structure of a drone-based VANET simulation in NS2:
4.1 Define Simulation Parameters:
# Define the simulation environment
set ns [new Simulator]
# Open the trace file
set tracefile [open “vanet_drone.tr” w]
$ns trace-all $tracefile
# Define node creation function
proc create-node {x y} {
global ns
set node [$ns node]
$node set X_ $x
$node set Y_ $y
$node set Z_ 0.0 ; # Z-axis is used for drone altitude
return $node
}
# Define the mobility model for both vehicles and drones
set veh1 [create-node 50 50] ; # Vehicle 1
set veh2 [create-node 150 150] ; # Vehicle 2
set drone1 [create-node 100 100] ; # Drone 1, altitude in Z-axis
# Mobility models
$ns at 0.0 “$veh1 setdest 250 250 20.0”
$ns at 0.0 “$veh2 setdest 350 350 20.0”
$ns at 0.0 “$drone1 setdest 500 500 50.0” ; # Set drone altitude
# Define communication ranges
$veh1 set range_ 300
$veh2 set range_ 300
$drone1 set range_ 500
# Set up the routing protocol, for example, AODV
$ns rtproto AODV
# Schedule simulation end time
$ns at 100.0 “finish”
proc finish {} {
global ns tracefile
close $tracefile
$ns halt
}
# Run the simulation
$ns run
4.2 Modify for Drone Mobility:
- Altitude Control: We will use the Z-axis for the height of the drones.
- Set Mobility Patterns: Drones can move faster than vehicles, thus we might use a distinct speed and movement pattern for drones.
- Choose the Routing Protocol
General routing protocols for VANETs contain AODV, DSR, and GPSR. These protocols can also be adjusted to work with drones by modifying the node mobility and communication range.
- Visualize the Simulation
NS2 uses NAM (Network Animator) to envision network simulations. After running the TCL script then we can use the following command to visualize:
nam vanet_drone.nam
- Analyze the Results
We can investigate the trace file generated in the course of the simulation using several analysis tools or scripts written in AWK, Python, or MATLAB. Metrics to deliberate contain:
- Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR)
- Throughput
- End-to-End Delay
- Energy Consumption (especially important for drones)
- Advanced Features
- Communication between Vehicles and Drones: We can prolong the simulation by setting up drones as access points or mobile nodes, which relay data among the vehicles.
- Inter-Drone Communication: If the simulation includes numerous drones then make certain that they can communicate with each other and the ground vehicles.
We had indicated the common steps and advanced aspects to configure and simulate the Drone Based VANET Projects within NS2 tool. Upon your requirement, we are furnished to deliver complete insights on this topic.
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