To simulate the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol using OPNET (Riverbed Modeler) which comprises of configuring a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) in which nodes can actively determine routes on-demand. DSR is especially appropriate for MANETs and other wireless networks by reason of their ability to adjust to highly active topologies by discovering the routes only when they are required.
We will guide you through the step-by-step techniques to configuring and replicating DSR using OPNET:
Steps to Simulate DSR Protocol Projects in OPNET
- Define Project Objectives and Scope
- Specify the focus of the DSR simulation: General objectives involve estimating DSR’s route discovery and upkeep processes, investigating protocol overhead, experimenting DSR under numerous mobility patterns, and then likening it with other ad hoc routing protocols such as AODV.
- Set performance metrics: Significant parameters contain packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, routing overhead, route discovery time, and protocol scalability.
- Create a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) Topology
- Set up a network layout: Make a network of mobile nodes such as smartphones, laptops that signifying the MANET utilize OPNET’s graphical interface.
- Define node mobility patterns: Set up mobility models like Random Waypoint for nodes to replicate a dynamic environment in which nodes transfer arbitrarily or track particular paths.
- Enable and Configure DSR on the Nodes
- Enable DSR Protocol:
- In each node’s routing set up, choose the DSR as the routing protocol.
- Configure DSR Parameters:
- Route Cache: Set up route caching on each node to permit for the discovered route’s storage. This enhances efficiency by reusing routes rather than intorduing new route discovery processes.
- Route Discovery Parameters: Modify metrics relevant to the route request and route reply processes, like the time-to-live (TTL) for route requests and the maximum amount of retransmissions.
- Enable Route Maintenance:
- Set up route maintenance settings managing link breakages and actively repair broken paths. It contains utilizing route error messages to notify other nodes once a link within a source route is no longer obtainable.
- Simulate Application Traffic
- Generate application-specific traffic: Make several kinds of data flows such as HTTP, FTP, and VoIP amongst nodes within the network utilize OPNET’s traffic generators.
- Define source-destination pairs: Choose source and destination nodes over the network making multi-hop paths and then estimate the DSR’s route discovery and maintenance mechanisms.
- Monitor DSR Routing Behavior and Path Discovery
- Track route discovery:
- Observe route request (RREQ) and route reply (RREP) packets are swapped among the nodes in the period of the route discovery process.
- Monitor how DSR founds end-to-end paths according to the source routing.
- Analyze route caching:
- Monitor the impact of route caching on performance. Caches can speed up routing however may launch stale route if they are not updated frequently.
- Monitor route maintenance:
- Observe route error messages and the process of discovering alternative routes once nodes identify a broken link within the established path.
- Simulate Network Events and Observe DSR’s Response
- Node Mobility:
- Transfer nodes at diverse speeds or along changed paths making an active topology also monitor how DSR adjusts by updating routes.
- Node or Link Failures:
- Replicate the node failures or link breakages by revolving off particular nodes or links. Observe how rapidly DSR identifies these failures also introduces route maintenance to found another paths.
- Network Scalability:
- Maximize the amount of nodes within the network to experiment DSR’s scalability, noticing any effects on routing overhead, convergence time, and route discovery effectiveness.
- Collect and Analyze Performance Metrics
- Packet Delivery Ratio: Compute the percentage of data packets effectively delivered to the destination nodes, which reflecting the protocol’s reliability.
- End-to-End Delay: Monitor the duration for data packets to move from the source to the destination that deliberating the route discovery delay.
- Routing Overhead: Assess the bandwidth spent by DSR control messages like RREQ, RREP, and route error messages that relevant to the data packets.
- Route Discovery Time: Evaluate the time needed to discover a route from the source to the destination once no cached route is obtainable.
- Scalability: Monitor how DSR executes as the network grows such as node count and traffic volume.
- Optimize and Experiment with DSR Configurations (Optional)
- Adjust Route Cache Settings: Test with route cache size and timeout settings to balance among route reuse and cache staleness.
- Fine-Tune Route Maintenance Parameters: Change route error thresholds to minimize unnecessary route repairs and reduce protocol overhead.
- Increase Node Density and Mobility: Experiment DSR with additional nodes and higher mobility to know their efficiency under highly dynamic conditions.
- Generate Reports and Document Findings
- Create Visualizations: Make graphs and tables that displaying performance parameters such as packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, routing overhead, and route discovery times using OPNET’s data analysis tools.
- Summarize Observations: Record the behaviour of protocol under several conditions, noticing DSR’s strengths and weaknesses, specifically in managing mobility and dynamic topology changes.
Additional Considerations
- Compare with Other Protocols: If related then replicate other protocols such as AODV or OLSR along with DSR to liken performance, scalability, and adaptability to topology changes.
- Energy Efficiency Analysis: If operating with low-power nodes then deliberate examining DSR’s energy consumption by estimating the impact of control message overhead on the node battery life.
Through this demonstration, you can grasp more knowledge regarding the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol projects that were simulated and configured with the help of OPNET tool. To simulate the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol using OPNET tool we at phdprime.com will give you ultimate solution with end-to-end support. Drop us a mail we will give you best guidance along with detailed explanation.
