To simulate the Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) protocol within OPNET that has encompasses to configure a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) in which nodes interact according to its geographical locations. GPSR is a location-based routing protocol, which functions along with minimal routing overhead and it is appropriate for situations with mobile nodes like vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). We deliver a simple instruction simulating GPSR in OPNET:
Steps to Simulate GPSR Protocol Projects in OPNET
- Initialize the Project and Network Topology
- Create a New Project: We can make a network project in OPNET then select a MANET configuration signifying a network of the mobile nodes which interaction within in an ad hoc environment.
- Define the Network Area: Describe the replication network area to a certain specific size that will perform like the geographical space in which nodes will travel and interact. General options are urban, highway, or open field environments.
- Add and Configure Mobile Nodes
- Place Mobile Nodes: Append a collection of mobile nodes that denoting vehicles, drones, or other mobile devices, which will utilize the GPSR protocol to interact.
- Configure Node Mobility: Allocate a mobility model like Random Waypoint, Manhattan Grid, or Highway Mobility, that relying on the replication environment. Configure metrics for speed, acceleration, and direction, since GPSR based on the position and mobility of nodes.
- Enable GPSR Protocol on Nodes
- Install GPSR Protocol: If GPSR is obtainable in the OPNET then facilitate it on every mobile node. GPSR operates in two modes:
- Greedy Mode: Transmits packets to the node nearest to the destination.
- Perimeter Mode: Utilize right-hand rule navigation, changes to perimeter routing once the packet meets a local maximum that is a dead end in which no neighbor is nearer to the destination.
- Configure GPSR Parameters: For GPSR operation, configure parameters like beacon interval for neighbor discovery and maximum hops. These metrics support to manage how frequently nodes distribute position data and how distant packets can move.
- Define Traffic Models
- Application Traffic: Describe the traffic flows amongst nodes replicating diverse kinds of data transmission. Normal applications contain VoIP, FTP, or Video Streaming.
- Traffic Patterns: Indicate the source and destination nodes through network experimenting capability of GPSR to route packets according to the position. For example, in a VANET situation replicate the data transmission among vehicles at diverse positions.
- Simulation Parameters and Scenarios
- Set Simulation Duration: Select a simulation duration, which permits to monitor the behaviour of GPSR under changing node mobility and topology modifications.
- Create Multiple Scenarios: Experiment the effectiveness of GPSR under diverse network conditions. Instances contain:
- Modifying node speeds and mobility patterns.
- Adjusting the network density by inserting or eliminating nodes.
- Launching obstacles or limited movement zones if supported.
- Performance Metrics and Data Collection
- Key Metrics for GPSR:
- Packet Delivery Ratio: Estimate the effective delivery of packets to its destinations.
- End-to-End Delay: Monitor the latency experienced by packets since they move through the network.
- Routing Overhead: For neighbor discovery, GPSR utilizes beacon messages. Observe the control packet overhead to estimate the network load.
- Hop Count: Observe the average amount of hops to attain the destinations, which showing routing efficiency of GPSR.
- Success Rate of Greedy and Perimeter Modes: Estimate how frequently GPSR functions in greedy vs. perimeter mode, since its impacts the routing performance.
- Data Collection Setup: Set up OPNET’s data collection to record parameters relevant to the performance of GPSR, which specifically their response to modifications in topology by reason of mobility.
- Run the Simulation and Analyze Results
- Execute the Simulation: Execute the replication that monitoring GPSR’s routing decisions and how it changes among greedy and perimeter modes according to the node locations.
- Analyze Results: Make plots utilizing OPNET’s analysis tools and then analyse the accumulated parameters. Concentrate on packet delivery, delay, and routing overhead to estimate the effectiveness of GPSR.
At the end of this simulation, we learnt and gain more knowledge regarding on how to configure and replicate the GPSR Protocol projects in OPNET environment. If you want more specific insights, we will be provided. We focus on mobile nodes, such as vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Our technical team has successfully completed projects using the GPSR Protocol, ensuring you receive top-notch research topics in your field. We handle GPSR Protocol projects with OPNET for configuration and simulation, delivering excellent results.
