To simulate Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) and Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3) email protocols in NS2 has needs to design their characteristics as they work over TCP for reliable data transfer. These protocols are usually utilized for email retrieval, in which IMAP permit users to handle their emails directly on the server, and POP3 downloads emails from the server to the client.
Since NS2 doesn’t have direct implementations for IMAP and POP3, we can replicate their characteristics by approximating the data transfer over a TCP connection, much like in FTP or SMTP simulations. The client-server communication that denotes email retrieval and manipulation can be designed by generating a TCP connection among nodes performing as the email client and the email server.
IMAP POP3 Email Protocols Projects are done by us exclusively by phdprime.com we have an effective team to carry it out in ns2 tool.
Here’s a step-by-step guide to simulate IMAP and POP3 protocols using NS2
Steps to Simulate IMAP and POP3 Email Protocols in NS2
- Install NS2
Make sure that we have NS2 installed on the system.
- Understanding IMAP and POP3
- IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol): Clients communicate with the mail server to view, retrieve, and handles an email messages directly on the server. The email data remains on the server unless precisely deleted.
- POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3): Clients download the email messages from the server; usually engross the messages from the server after retrieval.
Both protocols work over TCP for reliable communication.
- TCL Script for IMAP/POP3 Simulation
Below is a simple TCL script for replicating an IMAP or POP3-like behaviour using a TCP connection among two nodes (one acting as the client, the other as the server).
Example TCL Script for IMAP/POP3 Simulation
# Create a simulator object
set ns [new Simulator]
# Open files for tracing and NAM visualization
set tracefile [open email_protocol_simulation.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tracefile
set namfile [open email_protocol_simulation.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $namfile
# Define network topology
set topo [new Topography]
$topo load_flatgrid 500 500
# Create two nodes: one will act as the email client and the other as the email server
set client [$ns node]
set server [$ns node]
# Define link parameters: bandwidth, delay, and queue type
set bw 10Mb
set delay 10ms
set queue DropTail
# Create a duplex link between the client and the server
$ns duplex-link $client $server $bw $delay $queue
# Attach a TCP agent to the client node (simulating IMAP/POP3 client)
set tcp [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $client $tcp
# Attach a TCP Sink agent to the server node (simulating IMAP/POP3 server)
set sink [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $server $sink
# Connect the TCP agent (email client) and TCP Sink agent (email server)
$ns connect $tcp $sink
# Create an Application/Traffic/CBR to simulate email retrieval/manipulation via IMAP or POP3 over TCP
set email_traffic [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$email_traffic set packetSize_ 1024 ;# Size of email data packet
$email_traffic set rate_ 512Kb ;# Rate at which data is sent over the connection
$email_traffic attach-agent $tcp ;# Attach to TCP agent
# Start email traffic (retrieving emails) at 1.0 second and stop it at 5.0 seconds
$ns at 1.0 “$email_traffic start”
$ns at 5.0 “$email_traffic stop”
# End simulation after 10 seconds
$ns at 10.0 “finish”
# Define the finish procedure
proc finish {} {
global ns tracefile namfile
$ns flush-trace
close $tracefile
close $namfile
exec nam email_protocol_simulation.nam &
exit 0
}
# Run the simulation
$ns run
- Explanation of the Script
- Simulator Setup: The simulator object is generated, and trace and NAM files (email_protocol_simulation.tr and email_protocol_simulation.nam) are opened for logging simulation events.
- Node Creation: Two nodes are created; signify the email client and the email server. These nodes are associated by a duplex link with bandwidth (10Mbps) and delay (10ms) parameters.
- TCP and Traffic Setup: A TCP agent is attached to the client, and a TCP Sink agent is attached to the server. This replicates the TCP connection utilized by IMAP or POP3 to recover email messages. CBR (Constant Bit Rate) traffic is utilized to replicate email data transfer, representing emails being retrieved or managed on the server (in IMAP’s case) or downloaded (in POP3’s case).
- Traffic Generation: The email data (CBR traffic) is transmitting from the client to the server begins at 1.0 second and ends at 5.0 seconds.
- Simulation End: The simulation processed for 10 seconds, during which the email-like data flow occurs among the client and server.
- Running the Simulation
Save the TCL script as email_protocol_simulation.tcl, and execute it using NS2 with the following command:
ns email_protocol_simulation.tcl
This will creates a trace file (email_protocol_simulation.tr) and a NAM file (email_protocol_simulation.nam).
- Analyzing the Results
- NAM Visualization: To envision the network and track the data flow (email-like communication) among the client and server, open the NAM (Network Animator) tool with the .nam file created from the simulation:
nam email_protocol_simulation.nam
NAM will demonstrate the network topology, packet transmission, and TCP connection among the client and server in the course of the email retrieval process.
- Trace File Analysis: The .tr trace file logs the events of the simulation, like packet transmissions, receptions, and any packet losses or latency. We can evaluate the trace file to measure the performance of the IMAP/POP3-like traffic. We can utilize AWK or Python scripts to estimate parameters such as:
- Throughput
- End-to-End Delay
- Packet Loss
Example AWK Script to Calculate Throughput:
Here’s an AWK script to estimate the throughput from the trace file:
BEGIN { received_bytes = 0; start_time = 1; end_time = 5 }
{
if ($1 == “r” && $4 == “tcp”) {
received_bytes += $5
}
}
END {
duration = end_time – start_time
throughput = (received_bytes * 8) / (duration * 1000000) # Convert to Mbps
print “Throughput: “, throughput, “Mbps”
}
Execute the AWK script on the trace file using the following command:
awk -f throughput.awk email_protocol_simulation.tr
- Extending the Simulation
7.1. Multiple Email Clients and Servers
To replicate multiple IMAP/POP3 clients and servers, we can incorporate more client-server pairs and replicate concurrent email sessions:
# Add more clients and servers
set client2 [$ns node]
set server2 [$ns node]
# Create links between new client-server pairs
$ns duplex-link $client2 $server2 $bw $delay $queue
# Attach TCP agents to the new nodes
set tcp2 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $client2 $tcp2
set sink2 [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $server2 $sink2
# Connect the second TCP agent and sink
$ns connect $tcp2 $sink2
# Create email-like traffic for the new pair
set email_traffic2 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$email_traffic2 set packetSize_ 1024
$email_traffic2 set rate_ 256Kb
$email_traffic2 attach-agent $tcp2
# Start and stop the second email session
$ns at 2.0 “$email_traffic2 start”
$ns at 7.0 “$email_traffic2 stop”
7.2. Varying Network Conditions
We can adapt the bandwidth, delay, and error rates on the network links to learn on how diverse network conditions impacts an IMAP or POP3 performance.
7.3. Packet Loss and Retransmissions
Establish the packet loss in the network to replicate network failures and measure on how TCP (used by IMAP/POP3) manages retransmissions:
# Add packet loss model to simulate network failures
$ns lossmodel [new ErrorModel/Uniform] 0.01 $client $server
In this setup, we collects the innovative information regarding the Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) and Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3) email protocols that has simulation procedure and advanced project idea were delivered to perform in ns2 tool by simulating the data transfer between a client and a server over TCP. We design to deliver the more data regarding this process in further setup.
