How to Simulate Link State Routing Projects Using NS2
To simulate Link State Routing (LSR) projects utilizing NS2, we can follow these common procedures. The network simulator NS2 is broadly utilized for replicating network protocols, and executing link-state routing includes knowing how the protocol functions and setting up the network topology within NS2. Here’s a framework of the process:
Steps for Simulating Link State Routing in NS2:
- Set Up NS2 Environment:
Make sure that we have NS2 installed on the computer. We can install it by downloading it from the official website or utilizing package managers for Linux systems. To check the installation, execute:
ns
If NS2 is properly installed then it will open the NS2 shell.
- Understand Link State Routing:
In Link State Routing, each router maintains an entire view of the network topology and calculates the shortest path to each destination using algorithms such as Dijkstra’s algorithm.
- Write a TCL Script:
NS2 replications are primarily manages via TCL scripts. We will require describing the network topology, nodes, and the routing mechanism. The following is a simple example of how to make a network with Link State Routing using NS2.
# Define a simulator object
set ns [new Simulator]
# Create a trace file for monitoring
set tracefile [open out.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tracefile
# Define the network topology
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
# Create duplex links between nodes
$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 1Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 1Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 1Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n0 $n2 1Mb 10ms DropTail
# Define the routing protocol (Link State)
$ns rtproto LS
# Define traffic sources
set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $n0 $udp0
set null0 [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n3 $null0
$ns connect $udp0 $null0
# Generate some data
set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr set packetSize_ 512
$cbr set interval_ 0.005
$cbr attach-agent $udp0
$ns at 1.0 “$cbr start”
# Simulation settings
$ns at 5.0 “finish”
proc finish {} {
global ns tracefile
$ns flush-trace
close $tracefile
exec nam out.nam &
exit 0
}
# Run the simulation
$ns run
- Analyse Results:
After the simulation runs, it makes an output trace file (out.tr) and optionally a NAM file (out.nam) for visual analysis utilizing Network Animator (NAM). We can open the NAM file to envision the network topology and the routing decisions created by each node utilizing link-state routing.
To envision the simulation using NAM, execute the below command:
nam out.nam
- Modify for Specific Link State Routing Features:
We can modify the simulation script by changing the network topology, bandwidth, and latency of links. We can also alter the application type (such as TCP or UDP traffic) and test with diverse metrics.
- To execute particular Link State Routing algorithms (such as Dijkstra’s or OSPF), we require to write or change the C++ code of NS2. But, the default NS2 rtproto LS offers a simple implementation of Link State Routing.
- Run and Collect Data:
When the simulation is finish then we can examine the trace file (out.tr) for performance parameters like, delay, or packet loss to estimate the behaviour of the link-state routing.
- Evaluate the Simulation:
We can be used scripts to parse the trace file and compute numerous parameters, such as:
awk ‘{ if ($1 == “r” && $4 == “tcp”) print $0 }’ out.tr
This basic instance configures a network and applies Link State Routing for a simulation within NS2. We can extend on it by making more complex topologies, changing link properties, and discovering diverse traffic patterns.
Using the above series of steps with sample coding for Link State Routing projects, which were simulated and evaluated within NS2 simulation tool. We are ready to deliver essential information related to this project, if required.
phdprime.com specialize in developing protocol functions and configuring network topologies within NS2 for your projects. To proceed, simply provide us with the details of your Link Aggregation Protocol project, and we will offer you expert simulation assistance, along with insights on current trending topics.
