To simulate the MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network) projects using OMNeT++, which contains setting up mobile nodes that communicate directly without centralized infrastructure (such as routers or access points). The simulation environment OMNeT++ aggregated with the INET Framework is well-matched for replicating MANETs, as it offers support for wireless communication protocols and mobility models.
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Below is a step-by-step instruction to help us mimic MANET projects using OMNeT++:
Steps to Simulate MANET Projects in OMNeT++
- Install OMNeT++ and the INET Framework
- OMNeT++: We can download and install OMNeT++ from omnetpp.org.
- INET Framework: INET offers the modules essential for wireless communication, routing protocols, and mobility. We can download INET from inet.omnetpp.org.
- Understand MANET Communication
A MANET is a decentralized, self-configuring network in which nodes (devices) are mobile and communicate through wireless connections. General MANET routing protocols contain:
- AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector): A reactive protocol, which makes routes only when required.
- DSDV (Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector): A proactive routing protocol that conserves a complete routing table.
- DSR (Dynamic Source Routing): Another reactive routing protocol utilizing source routing.
- OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing): A proactive protocol enhanced for mobile networks.
- Set Up the MANET Topology in NED
We will describe the MANET network topology within a NED (Network Description) file, containing the mobile nodes and their wireless links.
Example NED file for a basic MANET:
network MANET
{
submodules:
node1: AdhocHost;
node2: AdhocHost;
node3: AdhocHost;
node4: AdhocHost;
connections:
node1.wlan <–> Ieee80211Link <–> node2.wlan;
node2.wlan <–> Ieee80211Link <–> node3.wlan;
node3.wlan <–> Ieee80211Link <–> node4.wlan;
}
- AdhocHost: Denotes a mobile node, which participates in the MANET.
- Ieee80211Link: Signifies the wireless links among the nodes.
- Configure Routing Protocols in the INI File
The .ini file is utilized to set up the simulation parameters, containing the routing protocol, mobility models, transmission power, and simulation time.
Example .ini file configuration for AODV routing:
[General]
network = MANET
sim-time-limit = 500s
# Configure MANET routing protocol (AODV)
*.node*.wlan.routingProtocol = “AODV”
*.node*.wlan.radio.transmitter.power = 20mW
*.node*.wlan.radio.receiver.sensitivity = -85dBm
# Mobility configuration for each node
*.node*.mobility.typename = “RandomWaypointMobility”
*.node*.mobility.speed = uniform(1mps, 10mps)
- routingProtocol: Describes the routing protocol used (e.g., AODV, DSDV, OLSR).
- mobility.typename: Identifies the mobility model used by the nodes.
- RandomWaypointMobility: This model mimics random movement of nodes in a particular area.
- Simulate Mobility
Mobility is a main feature of MANETs, in which nodes are constantly moving, leading to dynamic topology changes. In OMNeT++, we can be utilized the mobility models to replicate node movement.
Example mobility settings for nodes:
*.node1.mobility.typename = “RandomWaypointMobility”
*.node1.mobility.speed = uniform(1mps, 5mps)
*.node1.mobility.updateInterval = 1s
We can set up several mobility models like:
- RandomWaypointMobility: Nodes are move randomly among the points.
- GaussMarkovMobility: Mimics mobility using Gauss-Markov process for smooth transitions.
- Implement Communication Between Nodes
To replicate communication among the mobile nodes, we can be utilized the applications like UDP or TCP to send data. The following is an instance of setting up UDP communication among two nodes in the .ini file:
# Node 1 sends UDP packets to Node 4
*.node1.numApps = 1
*.node1.app[0].typename = “UdpBasicApp”
*.node1.app[0].destAddresses = “node4”
*.node1.app[0].destPort = 5000
*.node1.app[0].sendInterval = 2s
*.node1.app[0].messageLength = 512B
# Node 4 receives UDP packets
*.node4.numApps = 1
*.node4.app[0].typename = “UdpSink”
*.node4.app[0].localPort = 5000
- UdpBasicApp: Transmits UDP packets to the indicated destination node.
- UdpSink: Receives UDP packets from other nodes.
- Run the Simulation
- Build the project: In OMNeT++, we go to Project > Build All to compile the project.
- Run the simulation: We can utilize the Run Configurations to configure and implement the simulation. We can use Qtenv to envision the node movement, communication, and routing activities within real-time.
- Analyze Simulation Results
After the simulation, OMNeT++ creates outcomes in the form of scalar and vector files. We can be examined key parameters such as:
- Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR): The percentage of effectively delivered packets.
- End-to-End Delay: The time it takes for a packet to travel from origin to end.
- Throughput: The rate of successful data delivery over the network.
- Routing Overhead: The number of control message overhead generated by the routing protocol.
We can be used the Plove to envision the outcomes, or export them to other tools such as MATLAB or Python for more in-depth analysis.
- Advanced MANET Scenarios
For more complex MANET simulations, we deliberate the following:
- Multi-hop Communication: Mimic scenarios in which nodes are communicate over multiple hops to attain distant nodes.
- Energy Efficiency: Mimic power consumption in mobile nodes that is critical for energy-constrained devices (e.g., in IoT networks).
- QoS-aware Routing: Execute the routing protocols, which prioritize quality of service (QoS) according to the factors such as latency or bandwidth.
- Security in MANETs: Replicate secure routing protocols to protect versus attacks such as route poisoning or denial-of-service (DoS).
Example MANET Project Ideas:
- Performance Comparison of Routing Protocols: Replicate distinct MANET routing protocols (AODV, DSR, OLSR) and compare their performance such as throughput, packet delivery ratio, and routing overhead.
- Mobility Impact on MANET Performance: Test how distinct mobility patterns (e.g., RandomWaypointMobility, GaussMarkovMobility) are influence the network performance.
- Energy-aware Routing in MANETs: Mimic energy-efficient routing protocols to minimize the power consumption in battery-operated devices.
- Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET): Replicate communication among the vehicles in a VANET scenario and understand how routing protocols execute in high-mobility environments.
In this setup, we clearly expressed general simulation process with some project examples to simulate and execute the MANET projects with the strong support of OMNeT++ and INET framework. We will also be delivered more details with several project instances on this topic as required.
