To simulate a Ring Topology using OMNeT++ that contains configuring a network in which nodes are connected in a circular manner, and data travels from one node to another, normally in one or both directions. This topology forms a closed loop, and each node is connected to accurately two other nodes (one preceding it and one succeeding it).
Below is a step-by-step method on how to simulate a ring topology using OMNeT++:
Steps to Simulate Ring Topology Projects in OMNeT++
- Define the Network Structure (NED File)
In OMNeT++, the network structure for a ring topology can be described in a .ned file. We will associate each node to its next node, forming a circular network.
Sample NED File (RingTopology.ned)
network RingTopology
{
submodules:
// Define multiple hosts (nodes) in the ring
host[5]: Node {
@display(“p=100,100”);
}
connections allowunconnected:
// Connect each host to its next neighbor in a circular manner
host[0].out++ –> host[1].in++;
host[1].out++ –> host[2].in++;
host[2].out++ –> host[3].in++;
host[3].out++ –> host[4].in++;
host[4].out++ –> host[0].in++; // Close the loop to form a ring
}
- Define Node Behavior (Node.ned)
For each node in the ring topology will have input and output gates for transmitting and receiving messages to or from its neighbouring nodes. The behaviours of the nodes will be described in the C++ code.
Node Module (Node.ned)
simple Node
{
parameters:
@display(“i=device/laptop”);
gates:
input in[];
output out[];
}
- Implement Node Behavior (Node.cc)
To each node can forward messages to its adjacent node in the ring, either passing along the message or processing it if the message is meant for that node.
Sample Node Behavior (Node.cc)
#include <omnetpp.h>
using namespace omnetpp;
class Node : public cSimpleModule
{
private:
int nodeId;
int totalNodes;
protected:
virtual void initialize() override;
virtual void handleMessage(cMessage *msg) override;
void forwardMessage(cMessage *msg); // Function to forward the message to the next node
};
Define_Module(Node);
void Node::initialize()
{
nodeId = getIndex();
totalNodes = getParentModule()->par(“numNodes”);
if (nodeId == 0) {
// Node 0 sends an initial message to start the simulation
cMessage *msg = new cMessage(“Hello from Node 0”);
scheduleAt(simTime() + 1.0, msg); // Send after 1 second
}
}
void Node::handleMessage(cMessage *msg)
{
if (strcmp(msg->getName(), “Hello from Node 0”) == 0 && nodeId == totalNodes – 1) {
// Node 0 receives its own message back after it circulates the ring
EV << “Node ” << nodeId << ” received the message from Node 0\n”;
delete msg;
} else {
// Forward the message to the next node
forwardMessage(msg);
}
}
void Node::forwardMessage(cMessage *msg)
{
EV << “Node ” << nodeId << ” forwarding message: ” << msg->getName() << “\n”;
send(msg, “out”, 0); // Forward to the next node in the ring
}
- Run the Simulation
To replicate the behaviour of the nodes in the ring topology, make an INI configuration file to describe the simulation parameters.
Sample OMNeT++ Configuration (omnetpp.ini)
[General]
network = RingTopology
sim-time-limit = 10s
# Define the number of nodes in the ring topology
*.numNodes = 5
*.host[*].numGates = 1 # Each host will have 1 input and 1 output gate
- Visualize and Analyze
After running the simulation, the simulation environment OMNeT++ will permit to:
- Observe the Message Circulation: We will be observed the message originating from the initial node and circulating via the ring back to the source.
- Analyze Performance Metrics: We can collect data on delays, message propagation times, and whether all nodes within the ring correctly forward and receive the message.
- Enhance the Simulation
We can further prolong this simulation by:
- Adding Bidirectional Communication: Change the network topology to permit bidirectional communication by connecting nodes within both directions (forward and backward).
- Introducing Faults: Mimic what happens when one of the nodes in the ring fails or once there is a communication breakdown, to monitor fault tolerance.
- Analyzing Latency: Execute parameters to monitor how long it takes for a message to circulate around the ring.
Enhancements to Ring Topology
- Token Passing: In a normal ring network, token-passing mechanisms can be replicated in which only the node holding the token can transmit information. We can be executed token managing and passing among the nodes.
Example of Token Passing
We can insert functionality in which a token is passed around the ring, and only the node with the token can be transmitted a message. When a message is transmitted then the token is passed to the next node.
In this procedure, completely know how to simulate and examine the Ring Topology in the simulation OMNeT++. For more necessities, we will guide you over another simulation process.
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