To simulate Routing Information Protocol (RIP) projects in NS2, we can adjust the NS2’s routing framework to execute or replicate the RIP-like behaviour. RIP is a distance-vector routing protocol that utilizes hop counts as a parameter to regulate the optimal path to a destination. The protocol occasionally distributes routing information among neighbouring nodes.
Here is an approach on how to simulate the Routing Information Protocol in ns2
Steps to Simulate RIP in NS2
NS2 does not support a built-in RIP protocol, however we can mimic a distance-vector protocol such as RIP by manually executing the key behaviours: periodic route advertisements, hop counts, and route updates according to the received advertisements.
Here’s how you can simulate RIP-like behavior using the Distance Vector Routing (DVR) mechanism in NS2.
- Install NS2
Make sure that we have ns2installed on the system.
- Create a TCL Script for RIP Simulation
In this instance, we will replicate a distance-vector protocol similar to RIP. The script will describe a small network, configures routing among the nodes using hop counts, and permits the nodes to interchange routing updates periodically.
Example TCL Script for RIP-Like Simulation:
# Create a simulator object
set ns [new Simulator]
# Define trace and NAM files for analysis and visualization
set tracefile [open “rip_trace.tr” w]
set namfile [open “rip_simulation.nam” w]
$ns trace-all $tracefile
$ns namtrace-all $namfile
# Create network nodes
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
set n4 [$ns node]
# Define duplex links between the nodes (bandwidth and delay)
$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 1Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 1Mb 20ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 1Mb 30ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n3 $n4 1Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n0 $n2 1Mb 25ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n1 $n3 1Mb 15ms DropTail
# Enable Distance Vector Routing (RIP-like behavior)
for {set i 0} {$i < 5} {incr i} {
$ns at 0.0 “$n$i start-dv-routing” ;# Emulate RIP’s periodic route updates
}
# Create UDP agents for sending and receiving traffic
set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]
set udp1 [new Agent/UDP]
# Attach UDP agents to source and destination nodes
$ns attach-agent $n0 $udp0
$ns attach-agent $n4 $udp1
# Define a Constant Bit Rate (CBR) traffic generator
set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr0 set packetSize_ 512
$cbr0 set rate_ 1Mb
$cbr0 attach-agent $udp0
# Connect the source and destination agents
$ns connect $udp0 $udp1
# Schedule the traffic flow
$ns at 1.0 “$cbr0 start”
$ns at 4.5 “$cbr0 stop”
# Define the finish procedure
proc finish {} {
global ns tracefile namfile
$ns flush-trace
close $tracefile
close $namfile
exit 0
}
# End the simulation at 5 seconds
$ns at 5.0 “finish”
# Run the simulation
$ns run
- Run the Simulation
Save the script as rip_simulation.tcl and execute it using NS2 with the following command:
ns rip_simulation.tcl
- Visualize the Simulation Using NAM
We can open the .nam file created by the simulation in the Network Animator (NAM) to envision the network and track on how packets are routed:
nam rip_simulation.nam
- Analyse the Trace File
The trace file (rip_trace.tr) will encompasses detailed information about the packet inter changes and routing updates among nodes. We can measure:
- The hop count utilized to appropriate the routes.
- The periodic routing updates delivered among nodes (similar to RIP’s behavior).
- Packet delivery ratio and delay.
- Modify the Simulation
- Topology: Incorporate more nodes and links to generate a larger network and track how the routing information propagates via the network.
- Route Failures: Mimic link or node failures to see how the RIP-like protocol responds and updates the routes.
- Routing Timers: Adapt the timers for periodic route updates to learn on how frequent routing updates affects the performance.
Optional Enhancements:
- Split Horizon: Execute the split-horizon technique to mitigate routing loops.
- Hold-Down Timers: Replicate RIP’s hold-down timers to latency the route invalidation when failures happen.
- Comparison with Other Protocols: Replicate dynamic routing protocols such as OSPF or AODV and relate their performance with RIP.
As shown above, we provided the detailed complete procedures to simulate the Routing Information Protocol project which were simulated and analyse the outcomes using the tool of ns2. Additional information with certain details on this Routing Information Protocol will be provided in upcoming manual.
Provide us with your details so that we can support you in enhancing project performance on Routing Information Protocol utilizing the NS2 tool. Our straightforward instructions will guide you on how to effectively simulate the Routing Information Protocol in your projects using NS2.Get best project ideas in this area from phdprime.com experts.
