To simulate routing projects from TutorialsPoint in NS2, we can denote simple NS2 routing project organizations and construct upon them by adjusting the tutorials and examples they offered. TutorialsPoint is a valuable resource for understanding NS2 simulations, and they often cover usual routing protocols such as AODV, DSR, DSDV, etc., that can be executed in NS2.
Here’s a general approach to simulating routing protocols from TutorialsPoint in NS2:
Steps to Simulate Routing Projects in NS2 Based on TutorialsPoint
- Choose a Routing Protocol
Classify which routing protocol need to simulate. TutorialsPoint frequently delivers detailed examples of protocols such as:
- AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector)
- DSR (Dynamic Source Routing)
- DSDV (Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector)
- OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing)
- Install NS2
Ensure that ns2is installed on the system.
- Create a TCL Script for Routing Protocol
According to TutorialsPoint examples, we need to generate a simple TCL script that describes the network, configures the routing protocol, and replicates traffic.
Let’s replicate an AODV Routing Project in NS2, similar to what you would identify on TutorialsPoint.
Example TCL Script for AODV Simulation:
# Create a new simulator object
set ns [new Simulator]
# Create a trace file and nam file for visualization
set tracefile [open “aodv_trace.tr” w]
set namfile [open “aodv_simulation.nam” w]
$ns trace-all $tracefile
$ns namtrace-all $namfile
# Define the wireless network topology
set topo [new Topography]
$topo load_flatgrid 500 500
# Configure the nodes and wireless settings
create-god 10 # Number of nodes
$ns node-config -adhocRouting AODV \
-llType LL \
-macType Mac/802_11 \
-ifqType Queue/DropTail/PriQueue \
-ifqLen 50 \
-antType Antenna/OmniAntenna \
-propType Propagation/TwoRayGround \
-phyType Phy/WirelessPhy \
-channelType Channel/WirelessChannel \
-topoInstance $topo \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace ON \
-macTrace OFF \
-movementTrace OFF
# Create nodes
for {set i 0} {$i < 10} {incr i} {
set node_($i) [$ns node]
$node_($i) random-motion 0 ;# Disable node mobility
}
# Set node positions manually (optional)
$node_(0) set X_ 50
$node_(0) set Y_ 50
$node_(0) set Z_ 0
$node_(1) set X_ 100
$node_(1) set Y_ 150
$node_(1) set Z_ 0
# Continue to position other nodes…
# Define a UDP agent and attach it to node 0
set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $node_(0) $udp0
# Create a traffic generator (CBR) for UDP
set cbr0 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr0 set packetSize_ 512
$cbr0 set rate_ 1Mb
$cbr0 attach-agent $udp0
# Attach a UDP sink to node 9 (destination)
set udp1 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $node_(9) $udp1
# Connect the source and destination
$ns connect $udp0 $udp1
# Schedule the traffic flow
$ns at 1.0 “$cbr0 start”
$ns at 4.5 “$cbr0 stop”
# Set up the finish procedure
proc finish {} {
global ns tracefile namfile
$ns flush-trace
close $tracefile
close $namfile
exit 0
}
# End the simulation at 5.0 seconds
$ns at 5.0 “finish”
# Run the simulation
$ns run
- Run the Simulation
Save the script as aodv_simulation.tcl, and execute it in NS2:
ns aodv_simulation.tcl
- Visualize the Simulation in NAM
Open the NAM file to envision the network and track on how packets are transmitted using AODV:
nam aodv_simulation.nam
- Analyse the Trace File
The trace file (aodv_trace.tr) will cover information of packet exchanges, routing decisions, and other key parameters. We need to measure it for:
- Packet delivery ratio.
- End-to-end delay.
- Routing table updates and AODV route discovery.
- Modify the Simulation
- Traffic Sources: Incorporate more UDP or TCP flows to replicate more complex traffic patterns.
- Node Mobility: Allow the mobility to replicate on how AODV manage dynamic topologies.
- Network Size: Increase the number of nodes to learn the scalability of AODV.
Optional Enhancements:
- Energy-Efficient Routing: If fascinated, we can replicate routing protocols that concentrate on energy conservation in wireless networks.
- Comparison with Other Protocols: Replicate other routing protocols such as DSR, DSDV, or OLSR, and relate their performance against AODV.
The above simulation process was conducted by using ns2 to analyse, visualized and measure the performance for tutorialspoint routing projects in detailed manner. Further valuable insights regarding the tutorialspoint routing project will also be provided if required.
If you are encountering difficulties in achieving optimal simulation results for Routing Projects using NS2 on Tutorialspoint, we at phdprime.com are committed to providing you with the best outcomes. Please share all relevant details of your project, and we will offer you the necessary guidance.
