To simulate Wide Area Networks (WANs) using MATLAB has includes to designing the communication framework which extents large geographic areas, associating multiple local networks, routers, and gateways. In such replication, we will concentrate on data transmission via routers and links, routing protocols, and the parameters like delay, throughput, and packet delivery ratio (PDR).
Here’s a step-by-step guide to simulate Wide Area Networks (WANs) projects using MATLAB:
Steps to Simulate Wide Area Networks Projects in MATLAB
Step 1: Understand WAN Components
A typical WAN simulation that contain:
- Routers: Devices which route packets among networks.
- Links: Connections among routers, each with connected bandwidth, delay, and capacity.
- Nodes: Devices which creates and receive data.
- Traffic: The data transmit among nodes, routed via the network.
Step 2: Set Up the MATLAB Environment
We can utilize MATLAB’s built-in functions to replicate the data flow, routing, and communication among routers. MATLAB’s Communications Toolbox is helpful for replicating network communications, since custom scripts can be utilized to design the traffic, routing, and link behaviour.
Step 3: Define the WAN Topology
Describe the simple topology of the WAN, that contain of nodes (routers) and links. A WAN can have numerous topologies such as mesh, star, or ring.
% Define network topology parameters
num_routers = 5; % Number of routers
num_links = 6; % Number of links connecting routers
area_size = 1000; % Area size for router positioning (1000×1000 meters)
% Define positions of the routers
router_positions = rand(num_routers, 2) * area_size;
% Define links between routers (each pair represents a link between two routers)
links = [
1, 2; % Link between Router 1 and Router 2
1, 3; % Link between Router 1 and Router 3
2, 4; % Link between Router 2 and Router 4
3, 5; % Link between Router 3 and Router 5
4, 5; % Link between Router 4 and Router 5
2, 3 % Link between Router 2 and Router 3
];
% Plot the network topology
figure;
scatter(router_positions(:, 1), router_positions(:, 2), ‘bo’);
hold on;
for i = 1:num_links
plot([router_positions(links(i, 1), 1), router_positions(links(i, 2), 1)], …
[router_positions(links(i, 1), 2), router_positions(links(i, 2), 2)], ‘g-‘);
end
title(‘WAN Topology’);
xlabel(‘X Position (m)’);
ylabel(‘Y Position (m)’);
Step 4: Define Link Properties
Each link in the WAN has possessions such as bandwidth, delay, and capacity. These factors effects on how data flows over the network.
% Define link properties
link_bandwidth = [100, 50, 200, 150, 100, 75]; % Link bandwidth in Mbps
link_latency = [10, 20, 15, 25, 10, 18]; % Link latency in milliseconds
% Define link capacities (in bits)
link_capacity = link_bandwidth * 1e6; % Convert Mbps to bits
Step 5: Implement Traffic Generation
Replicate traffic generation among nodes. We can create traffic using numerous models, like Poisson or constant bit rate (CBR), to mimic realistic traffic flows.
% Define traffic flows between routers (source, destination, data rate in Mbps)
traffic_flows = [
1, 5, 10; % Traffic from Router 1 to Router 5 at 10 Mbps
2, 4, 20; % Traffic from Router 2 to Router 4 at 20 Mbps
];
% Simulate data transmission
packet_size = 1500 * 8; % Packet size in bits (1500 bytes)
num_packets = 1000; % Number of packets to send
transmission_rate = traffic_flows(:, 3) * 1e6; % Transmission rate in bits per second
Step 6: Implement Routing Algorithms
In WAN, routing techniques are vital for regulating the paths packets take among routers. We can execute routing protocols like Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm or Bellman-Ford algorithm.
Here is an instance of using Dijkstra’s techniques to estimate the shortest path among routers according to link latency.
% Define adjacency matrix for link latencies
latency_matrix = inf(num_routers); % Initialize with infinity
for i = 1:num_links
latency_matrix(links(i, 1), links(i, 2)) = link_latency(i);
latency_matrix(links(i, 2), links(i, 1)) = link_latency(i);
end
% Implement Dijkstra’s algorithm to find the shortest path
function [dist, path] = dijkstra(latency_matrix, source, destination)
num_routers = size(latency_matrix, 1);
visited = false(1, num_routers);
dist = inf(1, num_routers);
prev = -ones(1, num_routers);
dist(source) = 0;
for i = 1:num_routers
[~, u] = min(dist + visited * inf); % Find the unvisited node with minimum distance
visited(u) = true;
for v = 1:num_routers
if ~visited(v) && latency_matrix(u, v) ~= inf && dist(u) + latency_matrix(u, v) < dist(v)
dist(v) = dist(u) + latency_matrix(u, v);
prev(v) = u;
end
end
end
% Reconstruct the path
path = [];
u = destination;
while u ~= -1
path = [u, path];
u = prev(u);
end
end
% Find the shortest path from Router 1 to Router 5
[dist, path] = dijkstra(latency_matrix, 1, 5);
disp([‘Shortest path from Router 1 to Router 5: ‘, num2str(path)]);
disp([‘Total latency: ‘, num2str(dist(5)), ‘ ms’]);
Step 7: Simulate Data Transmission and Queueing
Replicate the transmission of data via the network, considering the bandwidth, delay, and queuing impacts at each router.
% Simulate data transmission between routers
for flow = 1:size(traffic_flows, 1)
source = traffic_flows(flow, 1);
destination = traffic_flows(flow, 2);
[dist, path] = dijkstra(latency_matrix, source, destination); % Find shortest path
% Simulate packet transmission along the path
for hop = 1:length(path)-1
% Simulate delay at each link based on latency and link utilization
link_id = find(ismember(links, [path(hop), path(hop+1)], ‘rows’));
if isempty(link_id)
link_id = find(ismember(links, [path(hop+1), path(hop)], ‘rows’));
end
link_delay = link_latency(link_id);
disp([‘Packet delayed by ‘, num2str(link_delay), ‘ ms on link ‘, num2str(path(hop)), ‘-‘, num2str(path(hop+1))]);
end
end
Step 8: Evaluate Network Performance
Measure the parameters like:
- Latency: End-to-end delay for packets.
- Throughput: Total number of data successfully delivered over the network.
- Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR): Ratio of successfully delivered packets to total sent packets.
- Jitter: Variability in packet delay.
% Calculate packet delivery ratio (PDR)
packets_sent = num_packets;
packets_received = packets_sent – round(rand * 0.1 * num_packets); % Simulate packet loss
pdr = packets_received / packets_sent;
disp([‘Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR): ‘, num2str(pdr)]);
% Calculate throughput (in Mbps)
throughput = (packets_received * packet_size) / (sum(link_latency) / 1000); % Throughput = data/time
disp([‘Throughput: ‘, num2str(throughput / 1e6), ‘ Mbps’]);
Step 9: Visualize Network Performance
Utilize MATLAB’s plotting tools to envision the network performance over time or via diverse environments like throughput and delay as traffic load increases.
% Example: Plot throughput over time
time = 1:num_packets;
throughput_values = throughput * ones(1, num_packets);
figure;
plot(time, throughput_values);
xlabel(‘Time (seconds)’);
ylabel(‘Throughput (Mbps)’);
title(‘Throughput over Time’);
Step 10: Advanced Features (Optional)
- Congestion Control: Execute congestion control mechanisms such as TCP to handle traffic and prevent overloading links.
- Load Balancing: To share traffic via multiple paths to balance load and enhance effectiveness.
- Fault Tolerance: Mimic network failures such as a router going down and reroute traffic consequently.
- Quality of Service (QoS): Apply QoS policies to select specific kinds of traffic such as voice, video according to bandwidth or latency desires.
- Security: Incorporate security protocols to mimic encryption, authentication, or firewall features in the WAN.
Step 11: Run the Simulation
Once everything is configured, execute the simulation for numerous configurations and traffic patterns. We can validate with numerous topologies, link properties, and routing techniques to track on how they effects on network performance.
With the help of this procedure you can obtain the knowledge and can be able to simulate the Wide Area Networks project in MATLAB tool. Additional specific details regarding the Wide Area Networks project also provided.
We concentrate on data transmission via routers and links, routing protocols, and the parameters like delay, throughput, and packet delivery ratio (PDR) related to your projects, send to phdprime.com a message we will give you best assistance.
