Simulating wireless routing protocols in OPNET (Riverbed Modeler) involves setting up a network where nodes communicate over wireless channels, often in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) or wireless sensor network (WSN). Common wireless routing protocols include AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector), DSR (Dynamic Source Routing), OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing), and TORA (Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm), each designed to adapt to dynamic, infrastructure-less environments. Here’s a step-by-step guide to simulate wireless routing protocols in OPNET:
Steps to Simulate Wireless Routing Protocol Projects in OPNET
- Define Project Objectives and Scope
- Specify the purpose: Describe what you need to study, like protocol performance in different mobility patterns, protocol scalability, energy efficiency, or relates to reactive vs. proactive wireless protocols.
- Set performance metrics: Key parameters that contain packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, routing overhead, energy consumption, and protocol flexibility to network topology variation.
- Design the Wireless Network Topology
- Set up a wireless network layout: Utilize OPNET’s graphical interface to generate a network with wireless nodes, like laptops, smartphones, or sensor nodes. These nodes should be capable to interact with each other over a wireless medium.
- Define mobility models: Set up node movement patterns using mobility models such as Random Waypoint, Gauss-Markov to mimic real-world environment in which nodes move frequently, like in MANETs.
- Enable and Configure the Wireless Routing Protocol
- Select the protocol(s):
- Select a wireless routing protocol rely on your objectives. Common choices are:
- AODV (Reactive): Introduces routes on-demand, using route request (RREQ) and route reply (RREP) messages.
- DSR (Reactive): Utilize source routing, with routes introduced on-demand and sustained in a route cache.
- OLSR (Proactive): Preserves routes continuously using link state advertisements, appropriate for low-latency applications.
- TORA (Reactive/Hybrid): Utilizes link-reversal techniques for route maintenance, intended to manage frequent topology variation.
- Select a wireless routing protocol rely on your objectives. Common choices are:
- Configure protocol-specific parameters:
- AODV:
- Route Discovery: Set key metrics for route request (RREQ) retries, Time-to-Live (TTL) for messages, and active route timeouts.
- Route Maintenance: Allow route error (RERR) messages for broken link notifications.
- DSR:
- Route Cache: Set up route cache settings for keeping the established routes, minimizing the necessity for repeated route discoveries.
- Route Maintenance: Allow route error messages for link break management.
- OLSR:
- Hello and TC Intervals: Set intervals for Hello and Topology Control (TC) messages for neighbour discovery and topology updates.
- Multi-Point Relays (MPRs): Set up MPRs to reduce the control message flooding and enhance proactive routing.
- TORA:
- Route Maintenance: set up key metrics for link-reversal updates, permitting adaptive response to topology variation.
- AODV:
- Simulate Application Traffic
- Generate application-specific traffic: Utilize OPNET’s traffic generators to generate numerous kinds of data flows such as HTTP, FTP, and VoIP via the nodes, implementing real-world interaction.
- Define communication pairs: configures multiple source and destination pairs to measure the protocol’s ability to handle multi-hop paths in wireless settings.
- Monitor Protocol Behaviour and Route Discovery/Maintenance
- Track route discovery:
- For AODV and DSR, monitor route request (RREQ) and route reply (RREP) messages by way of routes are introduced an on-demand. Observe route discovery time to measure the protocol’s effectiveness.
- For OLSR, track the continuous interchange of Hello and TC messages, that store routes updated proactively.
- For TORA, learn on how the protocol regulates the routes via link-reversal updates in response to topology variation.
- Observe route maintenance:
- Track route error (RERR) messages for AODV and DSR, and link-reversal processes for TORA, to learn on how they manage broken links and sustains the connectivity.
- Routing Table Updates:
- Track on how routing tables or caches are updated with new routes, particular as nodes move or become unreachable.
- Simulate Network Events and Observe Protocol Response
- Node Mobility:
- Upsurge node mobility to validate on each protocol’s adaptability to frequent topology variation. Monitor on route discovery and maintenance effectiveness in dynamic scenario.
- Link and Node Failures:
- Replicate node or link failures by temporarily restricting particular nodes or links. Measure on how the protocol reroutes traffic and sustain connectivity.
- Network Scaling:
- Increase the amount of nodes to validate scalability, validate the impacts on routing overhead, latency, and protocol performance in a larger network.
- Collect and Analyze Performance Metrics
- Packet Delivery Ratio: Estimate the percentage of data packets effectively delivered, signifying protocol reliability.
- End-to-End Delay: evaluate the time taken for packets to transmit from origin to destination, deliberates to route discovery or maintenance latency.
- Routing Overhead: Measure the bandwidth devoured by control messages (such as RREQ, RREP, Hello, TC) related to data packets, that impacts protocol efficiency.
- Energy Consumption: For battery-powered nodes, evaluate energy utilization to control the protocol’s effectiveness in preserving battery life.
- Route Discovery Time: For on-demand protocols, estimate the average time needed to introduce a new route.
- Optimize Protocol Parameters and Experiment with Configurations (Optional)
- Adjust Route Discovery and Maintenance Parameters:
- For AODV and DSR, validate with retry limits, timeouts, and cache configuration to enhance route discovery efficiency.
- For OLSR, adjust Hello and TC intervals or MPR selection condition to balance among the overhead and responsiveness.
- For TORA, adapt link-reversal update metrics to validate adaptability to network variation.
- Vary Node Density:
- Upsurge or decrease node density to evaluate protocol performance in sparse and dense networks; learn on how route stability and delay are impacted.
- Experiment with Traffic Load:
- Validate different traffic loads to measure on how well the protocols manage congestion, especially in larger networks.
- Generate Reports and Document Findings
- Create Visualizations: Utilize OPNET’s evaluation tools to plot graphs and tables demonstrate the parameters like packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, routing overhead, and energy consumption.
- Summarize Observations: Document each protocol’s strengths and limitations, focusing on their adaptability, efficiency, and scalability in wireless environments.
At the end of this brief demonstration, you can get to know about the wireless routing protocols project and their simulation process including detailed explanation related to key parameters, evaluation process. We provide excellent simulation outcomes along with innovative project ideas and topics. If you’re interested in simulating Wireless Routing Protocol Projects using OPNET, feel free to reach out to phdprime.com. We specialize in AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector), DSR (Dynamic Source Routing), OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing), and TORA (Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm), offering you a well-organized approach to your projects.
