To simulate the Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) in NS2, we will need to customize NS2 with the ZRP implementation; by the way it is not encompassed by default. If you want experts simulation then stay in touch with phdprime.com we assure you with detailed project help.
Here’s a detailed guide on how to simulate ZRP in NS2:
Steps to Simulate Zone Routing Protocol Projects in NS2
- Install NS2
- Ensure that we have NS2 installed on system.
- Implement or Add ZRP in NS2
- NS2 does not come with ZRP by default, so we need to either execute the ZRP routing protocol physically or identify a ZRP patch that combines with NS2.
Option 1: Implement ZRP
ZRP is a hybrid routing protocol that integrates proactive and reactive routing approches. We want to implement:
- Intrazone Routing Protocol (IARP): Used for proactive routing in a zone.
- Interzone Routing Protocol (IERP): Utilized for reactive routing among zones.
- Bordercast Resolution Protocol (BRP): Helps in route discovery via zones.
Option 2: Install a ZRP Patch
- Some researchers have already executed ZRP for NS2. We explored for patches online or refer to open-source NS2 extensions, in which ZRP is available.
Example steps to implement a patch (if you find one):
- Download the ZRP patch.
- Unpack the patch to the NS2 directory.
- Rebuild NS2:
cd ns-allinone-2.35/ns-2.35/
./configure
make clean
make
- After compiling, validate that ZRP is listed as a routing protocol.
- Modify the TCL Script to Use ZRP
Once we have ZRP implemented in NS2, we can adjust a TCL script to simulate it.
- Set Up Nodes: Describe wireless nodes.
set ns [new Simulator]
set topo [new Topography]
$topo load_flatgrid 500 500
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
- Enable ZRP Routing: Utilize ZRP for routing by specifying it in the node configuration.
$ns node-config -adhocRouting ZRP
- Define Wireless Channel and Propagation Model:
set val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel
set val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround
set val(ll) LL
set val(mac) Mac/802_11
set val(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue
set val(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna
- Traffic Model: Describe the type of traffic among nodes, for instance, CBR over UDP.
set udp [new Agent/UDP]
set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr attach-agent $udp
- Simulation Time: Identify how long the simulation should execute.
$ns at 100.0 “finish”
- Node Movement (if mobility is involved): Describe mobility patterns if the nodes need to move in the course of the simulation.
$ns at 5.0 “$n1 setdest 200 300 10.0”
- Run the Simulation
- Save the TCL script, for example, zrp_simulation.tcl.
- Execute the simulation with the following command:
ns zrp_simulation.tcl
- Analyse the Results
- Trace File: The output will be saved in a .tr file. We need to evaluate this file for packet delivery ratio, throughput, and other parameters.
- NAM Visualization: View the simulation in NAM by opening the .nam file.
- Performance Metrics for ZRP
- measure the performance of ZRP by calculating:
- Packet Delivery Ratio
- End-to-End Delay
- Routing Overhead
- Control Packet Overhead
We can compose AWK or Python scripts to process the trace files and collect statistical data.
Example Project Ideas for ZRP Simulation
- Performance Comparison of ZRP with Other Routing Protocols (AODV, DSR):
- Replicate ZRP and relate it with AODV and DSR based on packet delivery ratio, delay, and routing overhead in diverse network conditions.
- Effect of Node Density on ZRP Performance:
- Measure on how changing the number of nodes affects the performance of ZRP based on scalability and overhead.
- Energy-Efficient ZRP in Wireless Sensor Networks:
- Execute ZRP in a wireless sensor network and measure its energy consumption in different zone sizes.
- Mobility Analysis of ZRP:
- Learn the effect of node mobility on ZRP’s performance. Relate it in a high-mobility environment and a static environment.
In this manual, we had understood and learn the significant research area that is Zone Routing Protocol and we provide the lot of example snippets to get thorough about how the Zone Routing Protocol will perform in network scenarios using ns2 tool. If you have any query regarding the Zone Routing Protocol we will offered that it too.
