How to Simulate VANET Protocols Projects Using MATLAB

To simulate Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET) protocols in MATLAB have includes to designing a dynamic network in which the vehicles (nodes) interact with each other and organization like Roadside Units (RSUs). VANET protocols that contain routing protocols such as Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and particular protocols intended for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication.

Here’s a detailed procedure on how to simulate VANET protocols in MATLAB:

Steps to Simulate VANET Protocols in MATLAB

1. Define the Vehicular Network Topology

• Initiate by describing a set of vehicles (nodes) transferring in a 2D area such as a road or city block. Every vehicle can transmit according to a predefined or random mobility design.

Example of defining vehicle positions and movement:

numVehicles = 10;  % Number of vehicles

numRSUs = 2;  % Number of Roadside Units (RSUs)

networkArea = [0 100 0 100];  % Simulation area (e.g., 100×100 meters)

% Random initial positions for vehicles

vehiclePositions = rand(numVehicles, 2) * 100;

% Fixed positions for RSUs

RSUpositions = [50, 50; 80, 80];  % Example positions for RSUs

2. Vehicle Mobility Model

• VANET has includes vehicles moving over time. Utilize a mobility model (such as random waypoint, Manhattan grid model) to modernize the positions of vehicles at each time step.

Example of a simple mobility model:

maxSpeed = 10;  % Maximum speed of vehicles (m/s)

timeSteps = 100;  % Number of time steps for the simulation

vehicleSpeed = rand(numVehicles, 1) * maxSpeed;  % Random speed for each vehicle

vehicleDirection = rand(numVehicles, 1) * 2 * pi;  % Random direction for each vehicle

for t = 1:timeSteps

% Update vehicle positions based on speed and direction

for v = 1:numVehicles

vehiclePositions(v, 1) = vehiclePositions(v, 1) + vehicleSpeed(v) * cos(vehicleDirection(v));

vehiclePositions(v, 2) = vehiclePositions(v, 2) + vehicleSpeed(v) * sin(vehicleDirection(v));

% Ensure vehicles stay within the area boundaries

vehiclePositions(v, 🙂 = min(max(vehiclePositions(v, :), [0 0]), [100 100]);

end

end

3. Define Communication Model

• Each vehicle interacts with closest vehicles and RSUs in a particular communication range. We can describe a communication design by using an adjacency matrix, in which the link exists if two vehicles or a vehicle and RSU are inside a communication range.

Example of defining communication links:

communicationRange = 30;  % Communication range in meters

adjacencyMatrix = inf(numVehicles + numRSUs);  % Initialize with infinity (no link)

% Establish communication links between vehicles and RSUs

for i = 1:numVehicles

for j = i+1:numVehicles

distance = norm(vehiclePositions(i,:) – vehiclePositions(j,:));

if distance <= communicationRange

adjacencyMatrix(i,j) = distance;

adjacencyMatrix(j,i) = distance;

end

end

% Communication with RSUs

for r = 1:numRSUs

distanceToRSU = norm(vehiclePositions(i,:) – RSUpositions(r,:));

if distanceToRSU <= communicationRange

adjacencyMatrix(i,numVehicles + r) = distanceToRSU;

adjacencyMatrix(numVehicles + r,i) = distanceToRSU;

end

end

end

4. Implement VANET Routing Protocol (e.g., AODV, DSR)

• Routing protocols are utilized to introduce and sustain paths among vehicles. In Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV), routes are determined only when required, using Route Requests (RREQ) and Route Replies (RREP).

Example of implementing AODV route discovery:

function route = AODV(adjacencyMatrix, src, dst)

numNodes = size(adjacencyMatrix, 1);

visited = false(1, numNodes);

queue = [src];  % Start from the source node

parent = zeros(1, numNodes);  % Keep track of the path

% Breadth-first search for route discovery

while ~isempty(queue)

currentNode = queue(1);

queue(1) = [];  % Dequeue current node

if currentNode == dst

% Path found, reconstruct route

route = dst;

while parent(currentNode) ~= 0

route = [parent(currentNode), route];

currentNode = parent(currentNode);

end

return;

end

% Explore neighbors

neighbors = find(adjacencyMatrix(currentNode,:) < inf);

for neighbor = neighbors

if ~visited(neighbor)

visited(neighbor) = true;

parent(neighbor) = currentNode;

queue = [queue, neighbor];  % Enqueue neighbor

end

end

end

route = [];  % No route found

end

5. Implement Data Transmission

• After a route is introduced, replicate data transmission among vehicles or among vehicles and RSUs.

Example of data transmission:

function transmitData(adjacencyMatrix, src, dst)

% Discover route using AODV

route = AODV(adjacencyMatrix, src, dst);

if isempty(route)

disp(‘No route found’);

else

disp([‘Data transmitted from node ‘, num2str(src), ‘ to node ‘, num2str(dst), ‘ via route: ‘, num2str(route)]);

end

end

% Simulate data transmission from Vehicle 1 to Vehicle 7

srcVehicle = 1;

dstVehicle = 7;

transmitData(adjacencyMatrix, srcVehicle, dstVehicle);

6. Evaluate VANET Performance

• After replicating the protocol, we can measure numerous parameters like average path length, routing overhead, packet delivery ratio, and end-to-end delay.

Example of calculating average path length:

totalPathLength = 0;

pathCount = 0;

for i = 1:numVehicles

for j = i+1:numVehicles

if i ~= j

route = AODV(adjacencyMatrix, i, j);

if ~isempty(route)

totalPathLength = totalPathLength + length(route);

pathCount = pathCount + 1;

end

end

end

end

avgPathLength = totalPathLength / pathCount;

disp([‘Average path length: ‘, num2str(avgPathLength)]);

7. Visualize the VANET Topology and Routes

• Utilize MATLAB’s plotting functions to envision the positions of vehicles, RSUs, and the interaction links.

Example of visualizing the network:

figure;

hold on;

plot(vehiclePositions(:,1), vehiclePositions(:,2), ‘bo’);  % Plot vehicles

plot(RSUpositions(:,1), RSUpositions(:,2), ‘rs’, ‘MarkerSize’, 10);  % Plot RSUs

for i = 1:numVehicles

for j = i+1:numVehicles

if adjacencyMatrix(i,j) < inf

plot([vehiclePositions(i,1), vehiclePositions(j,1)], …

[vehiclePositions(i,2), vehiclePositions(j,2)], ‘k-‘);

end

end

% Plot links between vehicles and RSUs

for r = 1:numRSUs

if adjacencyMatrix(i, numVehicles + r) < inf

plot([vehiclePositions(i,1), RSUpositions(r,1)], …

[vehiclePositions(i,2), RSUpositions(r,2)], ‘r–‘);

end

end

end

title(‘VANET Topology’);

hold off;

Conclusion

To replicate VANET protocols in MATLAB:

1. Outline the vehicular network topology by placing vehicles and RSUs.
2. Implement a mobility model to replicate vehicle movement over time.
3. Describe the communication design to introduce links among vehicles and RSUs.
4. Execute VANET routing protocols, like AODV or DSR, to determine and sustain the routes.
5. Replicate data transmission among vehicles or from vehicles to RSUs.
6. Measure the key parameters such as path length, routing overhead, and packet delivery ratio.
7. Envision the network topology and communication links.

From this demonstration, we deliver the basic process for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks project that includes installation procedure, analyse and envision the results using MATLAB analysis tool. Further specific details will be added later.

To embark on your journey of simulating VANET Protocols Projects in MATLAB, we invite you to share your project specifications with us via email. Our dedicated team is poised to lead you towards remarkable success. We assure you of the finest project concepts and themes. Our expertise encompasses routing protocols, including Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and other specialized protocols, all meticulously handled by our skilled professionals.