To simulate proactive routing protocols projects in OPNET (Riverbed Modeler) have includes configuring a network in which each node sustains an up-to-date routing table of all accessible paths. Proactive routing protocols, like an Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV), uninterruptedly update routing data to reduce route discovery delays, constructing them appropriate for scenarios in which low-latency data delivery is critical.
Here’s a step-by-step procedures for replicating proactive protocols in OPNET:
Steps to Simulate Proactive Protocols Projects in OPNET
- Define Project Objectives and Scope
- Specify the focus of the simulation: Common objectives that contain to measure the proactive protocol efficiency, learning the control message overhead, and validating scalability in high mobility, and relate proactive protocols to reactive protocols.
- Set performance metrics: the key metrics can contain convergence time, routing overhead, packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, and energy consumption (for battery-powered nodes).
- Design the Network Topology
- Create a mobile or static ad hoc network: Utilize OPNET’s graphical interface to configure a network with nodes like routers, laptops, smartphones, or IoT devices which signify whether a static or mobile network topology.
- Define node positions and movement patterns: set up mobility models such as Random Waypoint, group mobility to replicate dynamic environment typical of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs).
- Enable and Configure the Proactive Routing Protocol
- Select a proactive routing protocol:
- Select and set up a proactive protocol, like OLSR or DSDV, for each node in the network.
- Set protocol-specific parameters:
- For OLSR:
- Set up Hello intervals for neighbour discovery.
- Set Topology Control (TC) intervals for propagation routing information to all nodes in the network.
- Allow Multi-Point Relays (MPRs) to minimize control message overhead.
- For DSDV:
- Set up update intervals for routing tables such as periodic full updates or incremental updates.
- Set the hop count limit to describe the maximum suitable path length.
- Allow route poisoning and divided horizon if available to mitigate routing loops.
- For OLSR:
- Routing Table Updates: Make sure which the each protocol configuration enables uninterrupted route updating, store paths current even in varying topologies.
- Simulate Application Traffic
- Generate data flows: Utilize OPNET’s traffic generators to replicate diverse types of traffic such as HTTP, FTP, and VoIP via nodes in the network.
- Define source and destination pairs: introduce data flows via multiple hops in the network to measure the proactive protocol’s efficiency in sustaining efficient paths.
- Monitor Protocol Behavior and Path Discovery
- Track control messages:
- For OLSR, monitor Hello and TC messages to learn on how nodes interchange link state information and sustain network connectivity.
- For DSDV, learn full and incremental bring up-to-date to see how nodes sustains updates the routing information.
- Observe routing table updates:
- Monitor routing table variation to make sure that routes are reliably maintained for all possible destinations. Track on how rapidly routing tables deliberate changes because of node mobility or failures.
- Simulate Network Events and Observe Protocol Response
- Node Mobility:
- Add the node mobility and monitor on how frequently routes are updated in the network. Measure the proactive protocol’s reply to variation in the network topology.
- Link or Node Failures:
- Replicate link or node failures by detaching nodes or turning them off. Monitor on how rapidly the proactive protocol identify and reroutes traffic all over the place the failure.
- Network Scalability:
- Upsurge the amount of nodes to measure protocol scalability, evaluating the effects on routing overhead, convergence time, and overall performance.
- Collect and Analyse Performance Metrics
- Packet Delivery Ratio: Estimate the percentage of packets effectively delivered, signifying the reliability.
- End-to-End Delay: Monitor the time taken for data packets to discover from origin to destination, replicating the efficiency of route maintenance.
- Routing Overhead: Evaluate the volume of control messages compares to data packets, demonstrating the protocol’s effectiveness.
- Convergence Time: Estimate the time taken for the network to grasp a stable state after topology deviations.
- Energy Consumption (for battery-powered nodes): Measure energy use linked with control message processing that is vital for IoT or sensor networks.
- Optimize Protocol Parameters and Experiment with Different Scenarios (Optional)
- Adjust control message intervals:
- For OLSR, attempt diverse Hello and TC intervals to balance responsiveness and overhead.
- For DSDV, adapt the frequency of full and incremental modernizes to enhance network performance.
- Test Different Network Densities:
- Test with changing node densities to measure protocol performance in sparse and dense network scenarios.
- Experiment with Mobility Speeds:
- Upsurge the speed of mobile nodes to learn on protocol performance in high mobility, concentrate on route stability and convergence time.
- Generate Reports and Document Findings
- Visualization: Utilize OPNET’s evaluation tools to plot the graphs and tables demonstrate the parameters such as packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, routing overhead, and convergence time.
- Summarize Observations: Record the protocol’s activities in diverse environment, observing advantages and disadvantages, especially with regard to network scalability, effectiveness, and adaptability to dynamic conditions.
Additional Considerations
- Comparison with Reactive Protocols: If significant, relate proactive protocols such as OLSR or DSDV with reactive protocols like an AODV or DSR to focus their benefits and exchange in MANET scenarios.
- Energy Efficiency Analysis: For networks with energy constraints, deliberate to monitoring effects of control message overhead on battery life.
This manual contains the project and their implementation details in brief manner regarding the proactive routing protocols projects which is executed in OPNET tool and their evaluation process and simulation set up. We will deliver any additional information on these projects, if required.
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