To simulate Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) projects using OPNET, we will require to follow below simulation steps since TORA is one of the on-demand routing protocols normally utilized for highly dynamic and large-scale networks within mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs).
Steps to Simulate TORA Projects in OPNET
- Set Up OPNET Environment
- Open OPNET Modeler, and make a new project including a proper name and workspace.
- Based on the network requirements, we can configure the simulation scale and simple project characteristics.
- Network Topology Design
- Model a network topology, which appropriate for TORA that successfully functions with dynamic and mobile nodes.
- In OPNET, utilize MANET or available mobile node models like Mobile Nodes or Wireless LAN Workstations.
- Organize nodes that denote the application environment normally a multi-hop wireless network for TORA.
- Configure TORA as the Routing Protocol
- For the MANET nodes, TORA would be performed like the main routing protocol.
- Choose each node within the network, launch the IP layer set up and configure TORA like routing protocol.
- OPNET’s TORA protocol is normally a portion of the Ad Hoc Routing settings, under the IP layer attributes allow it in the Ad Hoc Routing Protocol selection.
- Customize TORA Parameters (If Needed)
- TORA is modelled to reduce the amount of route recalculations, thus we may need to set up TORA metrics like:
- Route Maintenance Interval: Adapt it depends on how active we require to designate the network.
- Route Timeout: For inactive routes, configure a timeout permitting rapid adaptation to network topology modifications.
- Adjust these parameters according to the aim of study to monitor how TORA changes in diverse network dynamics.
- Define Node Mobility and Traffic Models
- TORA is appropriate for high-mobility environments, thus configure node mobility by way of inserting a Mobility Profile in the node attributes.
- Choose a mobility pattern such as Random Waypoint or other mobility models replicating the real-world movement.
- Describe traffic models, which indicate data flow among nodes. We can utilize CBR (Constant Bit Rate) traffic or same applications, which need continuous packet transmission among the source-destination pairs.
- Simulation Configuration
- Under Simulation Attributes, configure the simulation time and data collection metrics.
- Select the statistics, which estimate the performance of TORA like:
- End-to-End Delay
- Route Acquisition Latency
- Packet Delivery Ratio
- Route Request and Reply Rates
- Run the Simulation
- Execute the simulation then observe the performance of network in TORA. OPNET will manage the route discovery, maintenance, and route error managing of TORA according to the network dynamics.
- Analyze Results
- Examine the performance parameter indicate to TORA after the simulation accomplishes.
- Envision information utilizing OPNET’s result analysis tools:
- Route establishment times (monitoring how rapidly TORA determines the routes).
- Under different network loads and mobility levels, we can visualize the packet delivery success.
- Any incidents of route failures and re-establishments estimate the adaptability of TORA.
- Experiment with Network Scalability and Mobility
- To further examine the behaviour of TORA, we can modify the network size or maximize node mobility to experiment the efficiency of TORA in large, highly dynamic networks.
In this set up, we have executed the comprehensive simulation strategy for Temporally-Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA) projects, which were simulated and analysed using OPNET environment. We plan to offer more details relevant to this algorithm in another manual.
phdprime.com team specialize in large and fast-paced networks, and you can rely on us for outstanding results. If you’re looking to simulate TORA Projects with OPNET, just let us know your project requirements. We’ll assess what can be done and give you excellent support. Our team is committed to helping you enhance project performance and implement on-demand routing protocols. Additionally, we provide tailored research ideas and topics that are specifically crafted to suit your needs.
