To simulate network encryption projects utilizing NS2 (Network Simulator 2) that has needs a custom execution of encryption protocols, as NS2 does not natively support encryption schemes. But, we can replicate network encryption scenarios by concentrating on the process of encrypting or decrypting packets and examining how encryption influences network performance, like packet delays, throughput, and resource usage. Here, we show the simulation methods on how to simulate network encryption using NS2.
Steps to Simulate Network Encryption in NS2
- Install NS2:
- Make sure NS2 is properly installed on the machine. We can install it on Linux or use Cygwin for a Windows configuration.
- Define Network Topology:
- We require to describe a network topology that encompassing sender (client), receiver (server), and an encryption or decryption node (or endpoints performing encryption).
Example Topology Setup:
set ns [new Simulator]
set n0 [$ns node] ;# Client (Sender)
set n1 [$ns node] ;# Encryption Node
set n2 [$ns node] ;# Decryption Node
set n3 [$ns node] ;# Server (Receiver)
# Links
$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 10Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n1 $n2 10Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $n2 $n3 10Mb 10ms DropTail
- Implement Encryption and Decryption:
- We will require to replicate the encryption and decryption processes by launching delays (processing time) for encrypting or decrypting packets. We can do this by launching custom procedures in TCL (NS2’s scripting language) or using dummy functions to signify encryption.
Example: Simulating Encryption
proc encrypt_packet {src dst} {
# Simulate encryption processing delay
puts “Packet from $src encrypted”
return “encrypted_packet”
}
proc decrypt_packet {src dst} {
# Simulate decryption processing delay
puts “Packet from $src decrypted”
return “decrypted_packet”
}
- Simulate Traffic Flow with Encryption:
- Make agents and application flows among the nodes. Traffic will be encrypted at the encryption node and decrypted at the decryption node.
Example of Traffic Flow Setup:
# Set up TCP connections
set tcp [new Agent/TCP]
set sink [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp
$ns attach-agent $n3 $sink
$ns connect $tcp $sink
# Set up FTP application over TCP
set ftp [new Application/FTP]
$ftp attach-agent $tcp
To replicate encryption and decryption for the period of packet transmission, we can launch encryption at the sending side and decryption at the receiving side. We can be mimicked encryption delays among the nodes or by using queues to model encryption overhead.
# Example: Simulate encryption at node n1 (Encryption Node)
$ns at 1.0 “encrypt_packet n0 n1”
# Example: Simulate decryption at node n2 (Decryption Node)
$ns at 2.0 “decrypt_packet n1 n2”
- Add Encryption Delays:
- Encryption and decryption launch more delays within network communication. Replicate these delays by inserting processing time at encryption and decryption points.
Example: Introducing Delays for Encryption/Decryption
proc encrypt_packet {src dst} {
set delay 0.005 ;# 5 ms encryption delay
puts “Encrypting packet from $src to $dst”
after $delay
}
proc decrypt_packet {src dst} {
set delay 0.005 ;# 5 ms decryption delay
puts “Decrypting packet from $src to $dst”
after $delay
}
- Monitor and Analyze Encryption Impact:
- We require to monitor packet transmission, encryption, and decryption processes. Utilize NS2’s tracing aspects to record events and investigate performance (e.g., throughput, delay, packet loss).
Example: Logging Events to a Trace File
set tracefile [open encryption_simulation.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tracefile
# Example trace output for encryption/decryption events
puts $tracefile “Encryption event at node n1”
puts $tracefile “Decryption event at node n2”
- Run the Simulation:
- We can run the simulation with the described encryption/decryption processes and monitor how network performance is influenced by encryption.
$ns run
- Analyze the Results:
- After the simulation, we examine the trace file to analyse how encryption impacted the network. Measure parameters such as:
- Throughput: How much data was effectively sent after encryption or decryption.
- Latency: Delay introduced by encryption and decryption processes.
- Packet Drop Rate: How many packets were lost in the course of encryption/decryption.
- After the simulation, we examine the trace file to analyse how encryption impacted the network. Measure parameters such as:
We can be used tools such as awk or xgraph to process and visualize outcomes.
Example: Analyzing Delays in Trace Files
awk ‘{ if ($2 == “Encrypting”) print $0 }’ encryption_simulation.tr
Advanced Encryption Simulation Ideas
- AES/DES Simulation:
- Replicate Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) or Data Encryption Standard (DES) by launching distinct encryption delays according to their complexity.
Example:
proc encrypt_aes {src dst} {
set delay 0.008 ;# Simulating 8 ms delay for AES
puts “AES encryption from $src to $dst”
after $delay
}
proc encrypt_des {src dst} {
set delay 0.005 ;# Simulating 5 ms delay for DES
puts “DES encryption from $src to $dst”
after $delay
}
- Public-Key Encryption:
- Model public-key encryption (e.g., RSA) in which the sender encrypts the data with a public key, and the receiver decrypts it using the corresponding private key. It can be replicated an important exchange process with distinct latency impacts.
- End-to-End Encryption:
- Replicate end-to-end encryption, in which data is encrypted at the origin and decrypted only at the destination. It could contain applying encryption at the source node and decryption at the destination node, bypassing intermediate nodes.
Evaluation Metrics
Key parameters for estimating network encryption contain:
- Encryption/Decryption Overhead: Calculate the time taken to encrypt and decrypt data and how it influences overall performance.
- Latency: Estimate the end-to-end delay introduced because of encryption and decryption processes.
- Throughput: Compute how encryption influences the data throughput of the network.
- Security: If possible then replicate attacks such as eavesdropping or data tampering to assess the encryption mechanism’s effectiveness in securing data.
The simulation and analysis of the Network Encryption projects were done using the network simulator NS2 through simple approach. More extensive information can be offered, if necessary.
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