How to Simulate VANET Protocols Projects Using NS3

To simulate Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) protocols in NS3 have includes emulating the mobile nodes (vehicles) that interact with each other in a vehicular environment. VANET simulations in NS3 usually involve:

• Wireless communication technologies like 802.11p for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) or vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication.
• Mobility models that replicate vehicle movements, like using SUMO or MobilityHelper in NS3.
• Routing protocols for communication among vehicles.

Here’s how you can simulate VANET protocols in NS3:

Key Components of VANET Simulations in NS3:

1. Wireless Technology: Use 802.11p (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments – WAVE) for communication among vehicles.
2. Mobility Models: Using NS3’s built-in mobility models or import realistic mobility traces using SUMO for simulating vehicle movement.
3. Routing Protocols: Utilize routing protocols such as AODV, DSDV, or DSR for routing among vehicles in the network.
4. Applications: Replicate communication among vehicles using applications such as UDP, TCP, or custom applications.

Steps to Simulate VANET Protocols in NS3

1. Install NS3

Make sure NS3 is installed.

2. Create a Simulation Script Using 802.11p for VANET

Here’s how we can configure a VANET simulation using 802.11p (WAVE), a mobility model, and a routing protocol such as AODV for communication.

Example Simulation Script for VANET

1. Include Necessary Headers

These headers are essential for configuring WAVE (802.11p) communication, mobility, routing, and applications in NS3.

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/wifi-module.h”

#include “ns3/aodv-module.h”        // AODV routing for VANET

#include “ns3/wave-module.h”        // For 802.11p (WAVE)

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

#include “ns3/netanim-module.h”     // For animation

1. Create and Install Nodes

Generate a set of nodes to signify vehicles in the network. For instance, we create 10 vehicles (nodes).

NodeContainer vehicles;

vehicles.Create(10);  // Create 10 vehicles (nodes)

802. Configure WAVE (802.11p) Communication

WAVE (802.11p) is the standard for wireless communication in VANET. We utilize WaveHelper to setting up the WAVE devices for vehicle-to-vehicle communication.

YansWifiChannelHelper waveChannel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default();

YansWifiPhyHelper wavePhy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default();

wavePhy.SetChannel(waveChannel.Create());

Wifi80211pHelper waveHelper = Wifi80211pHelper::Default();

NqosWaveMacHelper waveMac = NqosWaveMacHelper::Default();  // Non-QoS MAC for WAVE

NetDeviceContainer devices = waveHelper.Install(wavePhy, waveMac, vehicles);

1. Install the Internet Stack and Routing Protocol

Install the internet stack and the AODV routing protocol on the vehicles to permit them to route packets to each other.

InternetStackHelper internet;

AodvHelper aodv;  // Use AODV as the routing protocol

internet.SetRoutingHelper(aodv);

internet.Install(vehicles);

1. Assign IP Addresses

Allocate IP addresses to each WAVE device so that vehicles can interact with each other using IP.

Ipv4AddressHelper address;

address.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign(devices);

1. Set Up the Mobility Model for Vehicles

Simulate the movement of vehicles by configuring a mobility model. We can utilize MobilityHelper to generate simple mobility scenarios or import realistic vehicle movement data from SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility).

Here’s how to utilize RandomWaypointMobilityModel for simple vehicle movement:

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::RandomRectanglePositionAllocator”,

“X”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=500.0]”),

“Y”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=500.0]”));

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::RandomWaypointMobilityModel”,

“Speed”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=10.0|Max=20.0]”),

“Pause”, StringValue(“ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=0.0]”),

“PositionAllocator”, StringValue(“ns3::RandomRectanglePositionAllocator”));

mobility.Install(vehicles);

We can also import SUMO mobility traces for realistic vehicle movement. SUMO creates movement traces that can be loaded into NS3 using MobilityHelper.

1. Set up Applications (Traffic Generators)

We can replicate communication among vehicles using UDP, TCP, or custom applications. Here, we emulate a UDP Echo client-server scenario in which one vehicle sends messages to another.

• Server (UDP Echo Server):

uint16_t port = 9;  // Port number

UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer(port);

ApplicationContainer serverApp = echoServer.Install(vehicles.Get(0));  // Server on vehicle 0

serverApp.Start(Seconds(1.0));

serverApp.Stop(Seconds(20.0));

• Client (UDP Echo Client):

UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient(interfaces.GetAddress(0), port);  // Client sends messages to vehicle 0

echoClient.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue(10));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“Interval”, TimeValue(Seconds(1.0)));  // Send a packet every second

echoClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));  // Set the packet size

ApplicationContainer clientApp = echoClient.Install(vehicles.Get(5));  // Client on vehicle 5

clientApp.Start(Seconds(2.0));

clientApp.Stop(Seconds(20.0));

1. Enable Tracing and Animation

Allow packet capture (PCAP) to measure the traffic among vehicles, and utilize NetAnim to envision the node movements and packet exchanges.

wavePhy.EnablePcapAll(“vanet_simulation”);  // Enable pcap tracing

AnimationInterface anim(“vanet_simulation.xml”);  // Enable NetAnim animation

1. Run the Simulation

Set the stop time and execute the simulation.

Simulator::Stop(Seconds(20.0));  // Set simulation stop time

Simulator::Run();  // Run the simulation

Simulator::Destroy();  // Clean up and destroy the simulation

3. Example Full Script for VANET Simulation Using 802.11p

Below is the full NS3 simulation script for replicating a VANET scenario using 802.11p (WAVE) and AODV routing protocol:

#include “ns3/core-module.h”

#include “ns3/network-module.h”

#include “ns3/internet-module.h”

#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”

#include “ns3/wave-module.h”

#include “ns3/aodv-module.h”

#include “ns3/applications-module.h”

#include “ns3/netanim-module.h”

using namespace ns3;

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

// Step 1: Create vehicle nodes

NodeContainer vehicles;

vehicles.Create(10);  // Create 10 vehicles (nodes)

// Step 2: Configure WAVE (802.11p) communication

YansWifiChannelHelper waveChannel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default();

YansWifiPhyHelper wavePhy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default();

wavePhy.SetChannel(waveChannel.Create());

Wifi80211pHelper waveHelper = Wifi80211pHelper::Default();

NqosWaveMacHelper waveMac = NqosWaveMacHelper::Default();  // Non-QoS MAC

NetDeviceContainer devices = waveHelper.Install(wavePhy, waveMac, vehicles);

// Step 3: Install the Internet stack and AODV routing protocol

InternetStackHelper internet;

AodvHelper aodv;

internet.SetRoutingHelper(aodv);

internet.Install(vehicles);

// Step 4: Assign IP addresses to the WAVE devices

Ipv4AddressHelper address;

address.SetBase(“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);

Ipv4InterfaceContainer interfaces = address.Assign(devices);

// Step 5: Set up the mobility model for vehicles

MobilityHelper mobility;

mobility.SetPositionAllocator(“ns3::RandomRectanglePositionAllocator”,

“X”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=500.0]”),

“Y”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=0.0|Max=500.0]”));

mobility.SetMobilityModel(“ns3::RandomWaypointMobilityModel”,

“Speed”, StringValue(“ns3::UniformRandomVariable[Min=10.0|Max=20.0]”),

“Pause”, StringValue(“ns3::ConstantRandomVariable[Constant=0.0]”),

“PositionAllocator”, StringValue(“ns3::RandomRectanglePositionAllocator”));

mobility.Install(vehicles);

// Step 6: Set up UDP Echo Server on vehicle 0

uint16_t port = 9;

UdpEchoServerHelper echoServer(port);

ApplicationContainer serverApp = echoServer.Install(vehicles.Get(0));

serverApp.Start(Seconds(1.0));

serverApp.Stop(Seconds(20.0));

// Step 7: Set up UDP Echo Client on vehicle 5

UdpEchoClientHelper echoClient(interfaces.GetAddress(0), port);  // Client sends messages to vehicle 0

echoClient.SetAttribute(“MaxPackets”, UintegerValue(10));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“Interval”, TimeValue(Seconds(1.0)));

echoClient.SetAttribute(“PacketSize”, UintegerValue(1024));

ApplicationContainer clientApp = echoClient.Install(vehicles.Get(5));

clientApp.Start(Seconds(2.0));

clientApp.Stop(Seconds(20.0));

// Step 8: Enable pcap tracing and animation

wavePhy.EnablePcapAll(“vanet_simulation”);

AnimationInterface anim(“vanet_simulation.xml”);

// Step 9: Run the simulation

Simulator::Stop(Seconds(20.0));

Simulator::Run();

Simulator::Destroy();

return 0;

}

4. Running the Simulation

• Build and run the script using NS3’s waf build system:

./waf build

./waf –run <your_script_name>

5. Analyzing the Results

• PCAP Traces: The packet capture files (pcap) created in the course of the simulation can be measured using Wireshark.
• NetAnim Visualization: we can utilize NetAnim to envision vehicle movement and packet interchange by opening the .xml file created in the course of the simulation.

6. Extending the VANET Simulation

We can expand this simple VANET simulation by:

• Using SUMO to emulate real-world vehicular movement patterns.
• Changing the routing protocol by using DSR or OLSR instead of AODV.
• Replicating V2I (Vehicle-to-Infrastructure) communication by adding fixed infrastructure nodes such as road-side units.
• Adding custom traffic models to replicate real-time applications such as video streaming, traffic alerts.

In the end of the manual, we clearly define the simulation procedures along with scenarios that will understand the simulation procedures to execute the Vehicular Ad-hoc Network using ns3 tool. Also we design to deliver more details according to you needs.

For best results to simulate VANET protocol projects. we at phdprime.com will guide you to innovative results, and everything of your work will be described in full by our technical team specialists, ensuring a hassle-free research experience  and we aid you in comparative analysis.