To simulate Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation (SPIN) in ns2 has needs to follow numerous steps and it is basically defined as a family of adaptive protocols which efficiently distributes information in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) by utilizing negotiation to remove redundant data transmission and preserve energy. SPIN protocols operate by advertising the availability of data before sending it, that permits the sensors to make decisions on either to receive the data or not, according to their own resources.
Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to simulate SPIN protocol projects in NS2:
Steps to Simulate SPIN Protocol Projects in NS2
- Install NS2
Make sure NS2 is installed on the system.
- Implement SPIN in NS2
NS2 does not involve the SPIN protocol by default, so we will need to either:
- Apply an existing SPIN patch (if available).
- Implement the SPIN behavior manually using TCL scripts.
The SPIN protocol that contain three types of messages:
- ADV (Advertisement): A sensor node advertises the availability of data to its neighbors.
- REQ (Request): Neighbour nodes request the advertised data.
- DATA: The actual data is transmitting to the requesting node.
- Create a Wireless Sensor Network Topology
In SPIN, we will generate a wireless sensor network with nodes denotes sensors. Each node can be programmed to transmit ADV messages to its neighbours and request data when essential.
Example TCL Script to set up a Basic Wireless Sensor Network (WSN):
# Create a new simulator instance
set ns [new Simulator]
# Define network parameters (wireless channel, propagation model, MAC, etc.)
set val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel ;# Channel type
set val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround ;# Propagation model
set val(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy ;# Network interface type
set val(mac) Mac/802_11 ;# MAC type
set val(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue ;# Interface queue type
set val(ll) LL ;# Link layer type
set val(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna ;# Antenna type
set val(x) 1000 ;# X-axis dimension
set val(y) 1000 ;# Y-axis dimension
# Configure the nodes to use SPIN protocol (you will define behavior manually)
$ns node-config -adhocRouting none \
-llType $val(ll) \
-macType $val(mac) \
-ifqType $val(ifq) \
-ifqLen 50 \
-antType $val(ant) \
-propType $val(prop) \
-phyType $val(netif) \
-channelType $val(chan)
# Create sensor nodes
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
set n3 [$ns node]
set n4 [$ns node]
# Set initial positions for the sensor nodes
$n0 set X_ 50; $n0 set Y_ 50; $n0 set Z_ 0.0
$n1 set X_ 100; $n1 set Y_ 100; $n1 set Z_ 0.0
$n2 set X_ 300; $n2 set Y_ 300; $n2 set Z_ 0.0
$n3 set X_ 500; $n3 set Y_ 500; $n3 set Z_ 0.0
$n4 set X_ 700; $n4 set Y_ 700; $n4 set Z_ 0.0
- Define SPIN Protocol Behaviour
In SPIN, nodes broadcast an ADV (Advertisement) message to inform neighbours about the availability of new data, and neighbours respond with REQ (Request) messages to recover the data if desirable. Once a node receives a request, it transmits the DATA message.
We can replicate this behaviour by describing timers and control packets among nodes in the TCL script.
Simulating SPIN Message Exchange:
# Define the SPIN message exchange between nodes
# Node n0 sends ADV message to its neighbors
proc send_adv {node_id data} {
global ns
set n [lindex $node_id 0]
$ns at 1.0 “$n broadcast-adv $data”
}
# Node n1 sends a REQ message to n0 requesting the data
proc send_req {node_id data} {
global ns
set n [lindex $node_id 0]
$ns at 2.0 “$n send-req $data”
}
# Node n0 sends the actual DATA message to n1
proc send_data {node_id data} {
global ns
set n [lindex $node_id 0]
$ns at 3.0 “$n send-data $data”
}
# Example SPIN message exchange between nodes
send_adv [list n0] “data_1”
send_req [list n1] “data_1”
send_data [list n0] “data_1”
- Set up Traffic (Optional)
If we need to replicate certain traffic patterns, we can generate TCP or UDP flows among nodes. But, in SPIN, the focus is on message interchanges for data dissemination.
Example for TCP Traffic:
# Set up TCP connection between node 1 and node 4
set tcp0 [new Agent/TCP]
set sink0 [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $n1 $tcp0
$ns attach-agent $n4 $sink0
$ns connect $tcp0 $sink0
# Create FTP traffic over TCP
set ftp0 [new Application/FTP]
$ftp0 attach-agent $tcp0
$ns at 2.0 “$ftp0 start”
$ns at 10.0 “$ftp0 stop”
- Enable Node Mobility (Optional)
To replicate mobile sensor networks, we can integrate mobility to nodes in network.
# Enable mobility for the sensor nodes
$ns at 5.0 “$n0 setdest 300 200 10.0” ;# Move node n0 to a new destination at 10 m/s
$ns at 7.0 “$n1 setdest 400 400 8.0” ;# Move node n1 to a new destination at 8 m/s
- Run the Simulation
Save the TCL script (e.g., spin_simulation.tcl) and execute the simulation using NS2:
ns spin_simulation.tcl
This will generate trace files (.tr) and NAM files (.nam) for evaluation and envision in Network Animator (NAM).
- Analyse Simulation Results
To evaluate the performance of SPIN, we need to utilize the parameters like energy consumption, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and latency. We need to utilize AWK or Python scripts to execute the trace file and estimate the parameters.
Example AWK Script for Packet Delivery Ratio:
BEGIN { sent = 0; received = 0; }
{
if ($1 == “s” && $4 == “AGT”) { sent++; }
if ($1 == “r” && $4 == “AGT”) { received++; }
}
END { print “Packet Delivery Ratio = “, received/sent*100, “%”; }
- Example Project Ideas for SPIN Protocol
- Energy Efficiency of SPIN Protocol:
- Replicate a sensor network using SPIN and evaluate the energy saved by minimizing redundant data transmissions related to traditional protocols such as flooding.
- SPIN vs. Other Data Dissemination Protocols:
- Relate SPIN’s performance with other data dissemination protocols such as Directed Diffusion based on energy efficiency, delay, and packet delivery ratio.
- SPIN in a Mobile Sensor Network:
- Replicate a mobile WSN using SPIN and measure on how mobility impacts the protocol’s performance based on data dissemination effectiveness and network stability.
- SPIN with Hierarchical Clustering:
- Execute a hierarchical version of SPIN in which the nodes are grouped into clusters, with cluster heads managing data negotiation and dissemination.
At the end of this brief demonstration, you can get to know about the Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation with SPIN project and their simulation process including sample snippets and detailed explanation. Also, we can provide more information regarding Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation through another manual.
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