How to Simulate STAR Protocol Projects Using MATLAB

To simulate Source Tree Adaptive Routing (STAR) protocol in MATLAB has includes constructing a network in which each node has a source tree to interact with other nodes effectively. The STAR protocol is a dynamic, source-initiated routing protocol usually utilized in ad-hoc networks, enabling each node to sustain and distribute a source tree for routing determinations.

Here’s a high-level procedures to executing a basic STAR protocol simulation in MATLAB:

Steps to Simulate STAR Protocol in MATLAB

1. Define Network Topology:
   • Configure the network by way of a star topology, with one central node (hub) associated to peripheral nodes.
   • Each peripheral node transfers over the central node, mimicking STAR’s method in which each node utilizes source trees for routing.
   • Usage an adjacency matrix or MATLAB’s graph function to describe the network connections.
2. Define Routing Tables (Source Trees):
   • In the STAR protocol, each node sustains a source tree that lists paths to other nodes in the network.
   • For simplicity, each peripheral node will transmit via the central node by way of its source.
   • Each node’s source tree can be signified by way of a cell array or structure which lists the shortest paths to other nodes across the central hub.
3. Implement Route Discovery and Maintenance:
   • When a node requires interacting, it transmits a route request to the central node if the route is unidentified or desires updating.
   • The central node can then react with the optimal route or broadcast the data to other nodes.
   • Execute periodic updates or cause for route maintenance as per STAR’s source-initiated mechanism.
4. Simulate Data Transmission:
   • Describe a packet structure has includes source, destination, and data.
   • Execute a forwarding function in which nodes transmit packets according to the source tree routing.
   • The central node receives packets from peripheral nodes and sends them to the target peripheral.
5. Visualization and Metrics Collection:
   • Envision the network topology and replicate packet paths to evaluate on how the STAR protocol operates.
   • Gather the parameters such as packet delivery time, route discovery time, and network load to evaluate protocol effectiveness.

Example Code Outline

Here’s an outline to replicate the STAR protocol with a simple star topology:

% Define network as an adjacency matrix in a star topology

% 1 is the central node (hub), 2-5 are peripheral nodes

adjMatrix = [

0 1 1 1 1;

1 0 0 0 0;

1 0 0 0 0;

1 0 0 0 0;

1 0 0 0 0

];

% Assign node IDs

nodeIDs = 1:size(adjMatrix, 1);

% Initialize source trees for each node

sourceTrees = cell(size(adjMatrix, 1), 1);

for i = 2:length(nodeIDs)

sourceTrees{i} = [1, i];  % Each peripheral node routes through the central node

end

% Define packet structure

packet = struct(‘src’, 2, ‘dest’, 4, ‘data’, ‘Hello World’, ‘route’, []);

% Function to simulate STAR route discovery and packet forwarding

function forwardPacket(packet, sourceTrees, adjMatrix, nodeIDs)

srcNode = packet.src;

destNode = packet.dest;

% Display initial packet information

disp([‘Sending packet from Node ‘, num2str(srcNode), ‘ to Node ‘, num2str(destNode)]);

% Check if route exists in source tree

if srcNode ~= 1

% Forward to central node

packet.route = [packet.route, 1];

disp([‘Node ‘, num2str(srcNode), ‘ forwards packet to central Node 1’]);

end

% Central node forwards to destination

if destNode ~= 1

packet.route = [packet.route, destNode];

disp([‘Central Node 1 forwards packet to destination Node ‘, num2str(destNode)]);

end

% Display the route taken

disp([‘Packet route: ‘, num2str(packet.route)]);

end

% Simulate packet forwarding

forwardPacket(packet, sourceTrees, adjMatrix, nodeIDs);

Explanation of the Code

• Network Representation: The adjacency matrix designs a star topology with one central hub and numerous peripheral nodes.
• Source Trees: The sourceTrees array keeps paths to other nodes. Peripheral nodes distinguish they want to route over the central node.
• Packet Forwarding Logic:
  • If the source node is peripheral, it transmits the packet to the central node.
  • The central node then sends the packet directly to the destination node if it’s another marginal.
• Route Discovery: This basic instance doesn’t include dynamic route discovery while the topology is static, however we can execute dynamic discovery by adapting sourceTrees in the course of runtime.

Visualize and Analyze

• Network Plot: Utilize MATLAB’s plot or graph function to generate a visual demonstration of the star topology.
• Metrics Logging: Monitor the amount of hops, delivery times, and packet losses, if any, to measure the STAR’s effectiveness.

Expanding the Simulation

For a more realistic STAR protocol replication that could:

• Execute dynamic route discovery and maintenance.
• Mimic to vary network conditions, such as node failures, to track on route updates.
• Execute packet queuing and TTLs to handle network traffic load and dependability.

From this procedure, you can get to know more about the simulation process regarding the Source Tree Adaptive Routing projects using MATLAB including sample snippet codes. We have to evaluate its performance to enhance the performance. If you need any details about this topic, we will provide it.

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