To simulate the Associative-Based Routing (ABR) protocol using OPNET that encompasses to configure a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) in which routes are created according to the node stability, which frequently discovered by the association stability of nodes. ABR is specifically helpful within environments in which nodes travel, since it reduces route breakage by choosing stable paths. We present a step-by-step method to simulating ABR in OPNET:
Steps to Simulate ABR Protocol Projects in OPNET
- Initialize the Project and Network Topology
- Create a New Project: Initially, we open OPNET and make a new project, which choosing a MANET topology to signify a network of mobile nodes.
- Define the Simulation Area: Configure the simulation area to denote the environment where the nodes travel like an open field or urban area. It will function as the network space for the mobile nodes.
- Add and Configure Mobile Nodes
- Place Mobile Nodes: Insert several mobile nodes through the simulation area to create a multi-hop network. These nodes will travel and make routes depends on the association stability.
- Assign Mobility Models: Select a mobility model for every node like Random Waypoint or Manhattan Grid, to replicate the movement. Set up parameters such as speed, pause time, and direction to deliberate the realistic movement for the future situation.
- Enable ABR Protocol on Nodes
- Install ABR Protocol: If ABR is obtainable in the OPNET library then set up every node to utilize ABR as its routing protocol. ABR functions by launching routes rely on node association stability instead of shortest path along with stable routes prioritized.
- Configure ABR Parameters:
- Route Discovery and Maintenance: Describe the frequency and conditions under which routes are modernised. ABR utilizes Associativity Ticks to find out the route stability, thus set up metrics relevant to associativity measurement.
- Threshold for Stability: Configure a threshold for association stability. Nodes along with additional associativity tick that is stable connections are favoured for route establishment.
- Route Timeout and Re-association: Set up how frequently nodes will verify for and refresh routes to sustain the stable paths and then manage mobility-induced route changes.
- Define Traffic Models
- Application Traffic: Describe traffic flows among nodes to replicate the data exchange. General applications contain VoIP, HTTP, FTP, or Video Streaming.
- Traffic Patterns:
- Long-Distance Communication: Configure some long-distance communication sets to monitor how ABR manages the multi-hop routing through a mobile network.
- Short-Distance Communication: Comprise neighbouring source-destination pairs to monitor how ABR makes stable routes within changing interaction ranges.
- Simulation Parameters and Scenario Setup
- Set Simulation Duration: Select a simulation time, which permits for route stability measurement, route formation, and route maintenance.
- Create Multiple Scenarios:
- High Mobility vs. Low Mobility: Experiment the performance of ABR in high-mobility and low-mobility situations. It will support to measure the ability of ABR to sustain stable routes within dynamic environments.
- Varying Node Density: Modify the amount of nodes to monitor how ABR executes in both dense and sparse networks.
- Route Failure Simulation: Establish arbitrary node failures or link disconnections to monitor how ABR manages the route re-discovery and path stability under difficult conditions.
- Define Performance Metrics and Data Collection
- Key Metrics for ABR:
- Packet Delivery Ratio: Estimates the percentage of packets well delivered that showing reliability of ABR.
- End-to-End Delay: Monitors the duration for packets to move from source to destination, which displaying routing efficiency.
- Routing Overhead: Estimates control packets are made by ABR for route discovery and maintenance.
- Route Stability and Lifetime: Observes the average route lifetime that supports to assess the efficiency of ABR in sustaining stable paths.
- Path Availability: Tracks the availability of alternative paths, which deliberating ABR’s multipath capabilities.
- Data Collection Setup: Set up OPNET’s data collection to record these parameters along with a concentration on route stability, packet delivery, and routing overhead, by means of these are critical in estimating the efficiency of ABR.
- Run the Simulation and Analyze Results
- Execute the Simulation: Execute the simulation, which monitoring ABR’s route formation and maintenance process that particularly how it selects the routes according to the node stability.
- Analyze Results: Utilize OPNET’s analysis tools to analyse parameters such as packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, routing overhead, and route stability. Concentrate on how ABR reduces route modifications and sustains the stable communication paths.
In this presentation, we had uncovered an in-depth sequential methodology for Associative-Based Routing (ABR) protocol projects through OPNET environment. We can furnish to delve deeper into specifies if required.
We concentrate on simulating and carrying out ABR Protocol projects using the OPNET tool. phdprime.com offer personalized help based on your needs, so feel free to message us. We promise to deliver on time and at a reasonable price.
