To simulate a 3D Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) project within NS2 (Network Simulator 2) that needs integrating particular underwater networking aspects, like acoustic communication, 3D node mobility, and energy-efficient protocols. Even though NS2 is designed primarily for terrestrial networks, we can expand it to manage underwater networks utilizing the Aqua-Sim module that is particularly customized for underwater simulations within NS2. We will guide you through the simple steps to simulate 3D Underwater Wireless Sensor Network in NS2:
Steps to Simulate 3D Underwater WSN in NS2
- Install NS2 and Aqua-Sim:
- NS2 Installation: Make certain that we have NS2 installed on the machine. We can follow the steps here.
- Aqua-Sim Installation: Aqua-Sim is an underwater sensor network extension for NS2, which supports acoustic communication and 3D mobility. We can download Aqua-Sim from the Aqua-Sim repository.
To install Aqua-Sim:
cd ns-2.35
patch -p1 < /path/to/aqua-sim-patch
./configure; make clean; make
- Set Up 3D Mobility for Underwater Nodes:
In a 3D UWSN, nodes are not confined to a 2D plane however can move freely in the X, Y, and Z directions. Aqua-Sim provides support for this mobility model.
Instance of configuring a 3D mobility model in Aqua-Sim:
# Define the simulation
set ns [new Simulator]
set tracefile [open out.tr w]
set namfile [open out.nam w]
# Create nodes with 3D mobility
set topo [new Topography]
$topo load_flatgrid 1000 1000 500 # X, Y, Z dimensions
for {set i 0} {$i < 20} {incr i} {
set node($i) [$ns node]
$node($i) random-motion 1 # Enable 3D mobility
$node($i) set Z_ [expr rand()*500] # Random Z position
}
- Configure Underwater Communication (Acoustic):
Underwater communication usually uses acoustic waves because of water’s high attenuation of radio frequencies. Aqua-Sim uses an acoustic communication model according to the speed of sound underwater (~1500 m/s).
Example of setting up underwater acoustic communication:
$ns node-config -adhocRouting AODV -llType LL -macType Mac/UnderwaterMac -ifqType Queue/DropTail/PriQueue \
-ifqLen 50 -antType Antenna/OmniAntenna -propType Propagation/UnderwaterPropagation \
-phyType Phy/UnderwaterAcousticPhy -channelType Channel/UnderwaterChannel
- Define Network Topology and Communication Protocol:
Select an appropriate routing protocol for underwater communication. AODV, DSDV, and Dijkstra are generally used, however in underwater networks, protocols such as VBF (Vector-Based Forwarding) or DBR (Depth-Based Routing) are more appropriate.
Example of setting up nodes and defining routing:
# Create nodes and set their initial position
for {set i 0} {$i < 20} {incr i} {
set node($i) [$ns node]
$node($i) set X_ [expr rand()*1000]
$node($i) set Y_ [expr rand()*1000]
$node($i) set Z_ [expr rand()*500]
}
# Attach agents (e.g., TCP/UDP) and applications
set udp [new Agent/UDP]
set null [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $node(0) $udp
$ns attach-agent $node(1) $null
$ns connect $udp $null
# Define data traffic
set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr set packetSize_ 512
$cbr set interval_ 0.1
$cbr attach-agent $udp
- Energy Model for Underwater Sensor Nodes:
Energy efficiency is vital in UWSNs since nodes are normally powered by batteries with limited recharge capabilities. Aqua-Sim contains an energy model for each node, which accounts for energy consumption in the course of transmission, reception, and idle states.
Example of configuring the energy model:
$node(0) energy-model EnergyModel
$node(0) energy 100.0 ;# Initial energy in Joules
$node(0) rxPower 0.3 ;# Power consumption in reception (in Watts)
$node(0) txPower 0.6 ;# Power consumption in transmission (in Watts)
$node(0) idlePower 0.1 ;# Power consumption in idle mode (in Watts)
- Simulate Sensing and Data Transmission:
In UWSNs, nodes frequently act sensing tasks and report data back to a sink or gateway node. Configure sensing events, data aggregation, and routing back to the base station.
Example of defining sensing data transmission:
# Define a sink node to collect data
set sink [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $node(19) $sink
# Create communication between a sensor node and the sink
set udp [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $node(0) $udp
$ns connect $udp $sink
# Generate periodic sensing data
set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr set packetSize_ 512
$cbr set interval_ 1.0
$cbr attach-agent $udp
- Run and Visualize the Simulation:
After configuring the simulation script then we can run it using NS2. The outcome will be saved in trace (*.tr) and NAM files (*.nam).
Run the simulation:
ns underwater_wsn.tcl
Visualize the output using the NAM tool:
nam out.nam
- Analyse Results:
Utilize the trace file to investigate key performance parameters like:
- Packet delivery ratio
- Latency
- Energy consumption
- Throughput
We can parse the trace file using AWK or other tools to extract these parameters.
- Advanced Features (Optional):
- Adaptive depth adjustment: Replicate nodes are modifying their depth rely on sensing or communication requirements.
- Energy harvesting: Integrate energy-harvesting models in which nodes are recharge via underwater currents or tidal energy.
- Cluster-based routing: Execute clustering protocols in which nodes are form groups to reduce energy consumption.
We had given above procedure that including from how to install NS2 and Aqua-Sim to how to simulate the 3D Underwater WSN Projects and how to analyse the outcomes using NS2 tool. If required we can explore this topic further in upcoming manual.
Send all of your 3D underwater WSN project information to phdprime.com, and we’ll provide you personalized advice along with thorough explanations.
