To simulate adaptive routing projects using OMNeT++, we can model dynamic routing protocols, which modify their behaviour according to the network conditions, like congestion, node mobility, or link failures. Protocols like AODV (Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing) or DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) are classic instances of adaptive routing, particularly in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Adaptive routing protocols are respond to alters in network topology and change routing paths in real time.
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Now, we provide step-by-step guidelines on how to simulate adaptive routing projects using OMNeT++ and the INET Framework.
Steps to Simulate Adaptive Routing Projects in OMNeT++
- Install OMNeT++ and INET Framework
- Download OMNeT++:
- Install OMNeT++ from the OMNeT++ official website.
- Install INET Framework:
- The INET Framework offers models for numerous network protocols, containing adaptive routing protocols such as AODV and DSR.
- Clone the INET repository:
git clone https://github.com/inet-framework/inet.git
-
- Import INET into OMNeT++ through File > Import > Existing Projects into Workspace, and choose the inet directory.
- Construct the project by right-clicking on the inet project in OMNeT++ and choosing Build Project.
- Define the Network Topology in NED
Make a network topology in which nodes can be communicated utilizing adaptive routing protocols like AODV. We can describe the network using the NED (Network Description) file, containing mobile nodes and wireless communication.
Example NED File for Adaptive Routing Network (AdaptiveRoutingNetwork.ned):
package adaptiverouting;
import inet.node.inet.Router;
import inet.node.inet.StandardHost;
import inet.mobility.single.RandomWaypointMobility;
import inet.physicallayer.ieee80211.packetlevel.Ieee80211ScalarRadioMedium;
network AdaptiveRoutingNetwork
{
submodules:
radioMedium: Ieee80211ScalarRadioMedium {
@display(“p=100,100”);
}
node[5]: Router {
@display(“p=100+100*i,100+100*j”);
mobility.typename = “RandomWaypointMobility”;
mobility.speed = uniform(1mps, 5mps);
}
connections allowunconnected:
}
Explanation:
- Routers (Nodes): Five nodes are signify routers in the network that use adaptive routing protocols like AODV to communicate.
- Mobility Model: RandomWaypointMobility replicates node movement, dynamically modifying the network topology that activates route recalculations.
- Ieee80211ScalarRadioMedium: This wireless communication medium models how nodes are communicate over wireless networks.
- Configure Adaptive Routing in omnetpp.ini
Then, set up the adaptive routing protocol (AODV in this example) and other network parameters within the omnetpp.ini file.
Example omnetpp.ini Configuration:
[General]
network = AdaptiveRoutingNetwork
sim-time-limit = 300s
# Node and IP Configuration
*.node[*].ipv4.routingTable.typename = “Ipv4RoutingTable”
*.node[*].hasAodv = true # Enable AODV adaptive routing protocol
# Wireless Settings
*.node[*].wlan[0].typename = “Ieee80211NicAdhoc” # Ad-hoc mode
*.node[*].wlan[0].mac.address = autoassign
*.node[*].wlan[0].radio.transmitter.power = 2mW # Transmission power
# Mobility Settings (Random mobility for adaptive routing testing)
*.node[*].mobility.typename = “RandomWaypointMobility”
*.node[*].mobility.speed = uniform(1mps, 5mps)
# Traffic Configuration (UDP Traffic Generation)
*.node[0].numApps = 1
*.node[0].app[0].typename = “UdpBasicApp”
*.node[0].app[0].destAddresses = “node[4]” # Send traffic to Node 4
*.node[0].app[0].destPort = 5000
*.node[0].app[0].messageLength = 1024B
*.node[0].app[0].sendInterval = exponential(1s)
*.node[4].numApps = 1
*.node[4].app[0].typename = “UdpSink”
*.node[4].app[0].localPort = 5000
# AODV Parameters (optional)
*.**.aodv.activeRouteTimeout = 3s # Timeout for active routes
*.**.aodv.helloInterval = 1s # Interval for Hello messages
*.**.aodv.rreqRetries = 3 # Number of retries for route requests
# Radio and Propagation Model Settings
*.radioMedium.propagation.typename = “TwoRayGroundReflection”
*.radioMedium.pathLoss.typename = “LogNormalShadowing”
Explanation:
- AODV Routing: Each node utilizes the AODV (Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) protocol that actively finds routes as required and adjusts to network changes.
- Wireless Settings: Sets up nodes to work in ad-hoc mode (no centralized control) using the IEEE 802.11 wireless standard.
- Random Mobility: Each node moves randomly and making dynamic changes in the network topology that will trigger route recalculations.
- Traffic Generation: Node 0 transmits UDP traffic to Node 4, with Node 4 performing as the sink for the traffic.
- AODV Parameters: Tailors AODV behaviour, encompassing route timeout, hello message interval, and route request retries.
- Radio Settings: Utilizes the Two-Ray Ground Reflection propagation model to mimic wireless transmission over distances.
- Run the Simulation
- Build the Project:
- Right-click on the OMNeT++ project and choose Build Project to compile the simulation files.
- Run the Simulation:
- Right-click on omnetpp.ini and choose Run As > OMNeT++ Simulation.
- Utilize the Qtenv graphical interface to monitor how AODV dynamically finds routes and manages the topology changes as nodes move.
- Analyze the Results
When the simulation is complete then we can investigate the following key features of adaptive routing:
- Route Discovery:
- Verify how AODV discovers routes among the nodes, particularly after topology changes triggered by node mobility.
- Route Maintenance:
- Monitor how AODV conserves and repairs routes once nodes are move or links break. We will monitor route requests (RREQ), route replies (RREP), and route errors (RERR) in action.
- Traffic Flow:
- Investigate the flow of UDP traffic from Node 0 to Node 4 and how AODV adjusts the routing path when nodes move.
- Performance Metrics:
- End-to-End Delay: Assess the delay among transmitting and receiving packets, particularly after route changes.
- Packet Delivery Ratio: Determine the percentage of effectively delivered packets in dynamic conditions.
- Throughput: Estimate the data throughput through the network as routes change.
- Simulate Different Network Conditions
To further test adaptive routing, mimic numerous network conditions:
- Node Mobility:
- Modify the speed and mobility pattern of nodes to replicate distinct movement behaviours and monitor how the routing protocol adjusts.
- Network Congestion:
- Launch several traffic flows to make a network congestion and experiment how AODV manages competing traffic and then chooses less congested routes.
- Link Failures:
- Manually disconnect particular links to simulate link failures and monitor how AODV reroutes traffic dynamically.
- Packet Loss and Latency:
- Launch packet loss or maximized latency to experiment how AODV responds to unreliable network conditions.
- Extend the Simulation
- Test with Other Adaptive Routing Protocols:
- Utilize DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) or custom adaptive routing algorithms by changing the routing protocol within the configuration.
- Scalability Testing:
- Maximizes the amount of nodes to replicate a larger network and experiment how the protocol scales under heavier load and more dynamic conditions.
- QoS-based Adaptive Routing:
- Execute QoS-aware routing, in which the protocol dynamically selects the routes rely on the parameters such as delay, bandwidth, or packet loss.
- Multi-hop Scenarios:
- Mimic multi-hop routing scenarios in which data packets navigate several nodes before attaining their destination.
We had shown in-depth concepts and typical procedure to simulate and analyse the Adaptive Routing projects within OMNeT++ simulation tool. Likewise, we will be presented more informations on this topic according to your needs.
