To simulate an Address Protocol projects using NS2 that encompasses set of steps, which normally includes knowing how address resolution and management are managed within networks. Address protocols such as ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) in IPv4, or NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol) in IPv6, are responsible for mapping logical network addresses (IP addresses) to physical MAC addresses.
Below is a general guidelines on how to set up and simulate an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) project in NS2.
Steps to Simulate Address Protocol Projects in NS2
- Install NS2
Make sure that NS2 is installed on the computer. We can download it from the NS2 official website.
- Set Up Network Topology
To replicate ARP or a same address resolution protocol, we require a basic network with nodes (hosts and routers), which will require to resolve addresses in the course of communication.
Example TCL Script for Network Topology with ARP:
# Create a new simulator instance
set ns [new Simulator]
# Define trace and nam files for logging and visualization
set tracefile [open arp_simulation.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tracefile
set namfile [open arp_simulation.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $namfile
# Create nodes (representing hosts and routers)
set h1 [$ns node]
set h2 [$ns node]
set r1 [$ns node]
# Create links between the nodes
$ns duplex-link $h1 $r1 100Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $r1 $h2 100Mb 10ms DropTail
# Set node positions (optional)
$h1 set X_ 100; $h1 set Y_ 100; $h1 set Z_ 0.0
$r1 set X_ 200; $r1 set Y_ 200; $r1 set Z_ 0.0
$h2 set X_ 300; $h2 set Y_ 300; $h2 set Z_ 0.0
- Configure ARP Behavior
In real-world networks, ARP functions by broadcasting ARP requests to find the MAC address connected with an IP address. In NS2, we can replicate it by having nodes introduce address resolution before communication.
Example of ARP Request Simulation:
# Function to simulate ARP resolution
proc arp_request {src dst} {
global ns
$ns at 0.5 “$src send-arp-request $dst”
}
# Simulate ARP request from h1 to h2 via r1
arp_request $h1 $h2
The ARP request process includes transmitting a broadcast from h1 to determine the MAC address of h2 through r1. The response will permit h1 to map the IP address of h2 to the corresponding MAC address.
- Set Up Traffic Between Nodes
When the ARP process is done then the nodes can introduce communication. It can be TCP or UDP traffic to examine how the address resolution influences communication.
Example for TCP Traffic:
# Set up TCP connection between h1 and h2
set tcp0 [new Agent/TCP]
set sink0 [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $h1 $tcp0
$ns attach-agent $h2 $sink0
$ns connect $tcp0 $sink0
# Create FTP traffic over TCP
set ftp0 [new Application/FTP]
$ftp0 attach-agent $tcp0
$ns at 2.0 “$ftp0 start”
$ns at 10.0 “$ftp0 stop”
In this case, after the ARP process determines the MAC addresses, the real TCP traffic will begin flowing among h1 and h2.
- Run the Simulation
We can save the TCL script (e.g., arp_simulation.tcl) and run it using NS2:
ns arp_simulation.tcl
It will generate a trace file (.tr) and a NAM file (.nam), which can be examined and visualized using Network Animator (NAM).
- Analyze the Simulation Results
We can examine the ARP performance in the trace file that concentrates on parameters like:
- ARP Request/Response Delays
- Address Resolution Success Rate
- Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) after ARP resolution
Example AWK Script to Analyse ARP Performance:
BEGIN { arp_requests = 0; arp_responses = 0; }
{
if ($1 == “s” && $4 == “ARP”) { arp_requests++; }
if ($1 == “r” && $4 == “ARP”) { arp_responses++; }
}
END { print “Total ARP Requests = “, arp_requests; print “Total ARP Responses = “, arp_responses; }
This script will calculate the total amount of ARP requests and responses for the period of the simulation.
- Example Project Ideas for Address Protocol Simulation
- ARP Performance in High Traffic Networks:
- Replicate ARP within a network with heavy traffic and investigate how rapidly address resolution takes place under distinct loads.
- ARP Security: ARP Spoofing Simulation:
- Mimic an ARP spoofing attack in which a malicious node transmits fake ARP responses, and examine the effect on network traffic.
- Comparative Study of ARP and NDP:
- Replicate both ARP (for IPv4) and NDP (for IPv6) in diverse scenarios and compare their performance such as address resolution time and network overhead.
- Address Resolution in Mobile Networks:
- Execute ARP in a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) and examine how mobility influences address resolution.
Using NS2, we ran thorough simulations process to replicate and analyse the Address Protocol projects, we can offer additional analysis and detailed core concepts based on your requests.
If you seek the most effective Address Protocol simulation using the ns2 tool, phdprime.com is your best resource for comprehensive guidance and project outcomes.
