To simulate Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol projects using NS2 has needs to follow these steps:
Steps to Simulate AODV Protocol Projects in NS2
- Install NS2 (Network Simulator 2)
Make sure that we have NS2 installed on system. If not, we can install it by following these steps:
For Ubuntu or other Linux distributions:
sudo apt-get install ns2
For Windows, we need to utilize Cygwin or install a pre-compiled NS2 package.
- Setup Environment
We want a text editor to compose TCL (Tool Command Language) scripts, as NS2 simulations are often written in TCL. We can utilize any text editor such as vim, nano, or gedit for this determination.
- Create the TCL Script
To mimic an AODV protocol, compose a TCL script that involves:
- Node Definitions: Generate a set of mobile nodes in the network.
- Traffic Types: Describe the traffic flows such as CBR or FTP among nodes.
- Mobility Patterns: Set random mobility patterns for the nodes to replicate movement.
- AODV Protocol: NS2 has built-in support for AODV, so we can specify it in the script.
Here’s a basic example of a TCL script for an AODV simulation:
# Define simulator object
set ns [new Simulator]
# Open the trace file for writing
set tracefile [open out.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tracefile
# Open the NAM file for writing
set namfile [open out.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $namfile
# Create a topography object
set topo [new Topography]
$topo load_flatgrid 500 500
# Set up wireless channel
create-god 10
# Define the MAC layer, interface queue, routing protocol
set val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel;# Channel type
set val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround;# Radio propagation model
set val(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy;# Network interface type
set val(mac) Mac/802_11 ;# MAC type
set val(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue;# Interface queue type
set val(ll) LL;# Link layer type
set val(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna ;# Antenna model
set val(x) 500 ;# X dimension of topology
set val(y) 500;# Y dimension of topology
set val(ifqlen) 50;# Max packet in ifq
set val(seed) 0.0 ;# Random seed
set val(adhocRouting) AODV;# Routing protocol
set val(nn) 10 ;# Number of mobile nodes
set val(stop) 100.0;# Simulation end time
# Create nodes
for {set i 0} {$i < $val(nn)} {incr i} {
set node_($i) [$ns node]
}
# Set node positions (optional: Add mobility model here)
$ns at 0.0 “$node_(0) setdest 100.0 100.0 10.0”
# Define CBR traffic flow
set udp [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $node_(0) $udp
set null [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $node_(1) $null
set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr set packetSize_ 512
$cbr set interval_ 0.005
$cbr attach-agent $udp
$ns connect $udp $null
$ns at 0.5 “$cbr start”
# Define stop time for simulation
$ns at $val(stop) “stop”
$ns at $val(stop) “puts \”Simulation ends\” ; $ns halt”
# Define finish procedure
proc stop {} {
global ns tracefile namfile
$ns flush-trace
close $tracefile
close $namfile
exec nam out.nam &
exit 0
}
# Run the simulation
$ns run
- Run the TCL Script in NS2
Once TCL script is completed, save it (e.g., aodv.tcl). Open terminal and navigate to the directory in which the script is saved. Execute the script using the following command:
ns aodv.tcl
- Analyse the Output
After processing the script, NS2 will generate two files:
- Trace file (out.tr): Encompasses detailed information about the simulation such as packets sent, received, and dropped.
- NAM file (out.nam): Utilized for envision the simulation in the Network Animator (NAM). execute the NAM file with the following command to view the network simulation:
nam out.nam
- Performance Analysis
We can evaluate the performance of AODV by extracting data from the trace file. Parameters such as packet delivery ratio, throughput, and end-to-end delay can be calculated using AWK or Python scripts to run the trace file.
Overall the simulation will be successfully demonstrated and illustrated for Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector with the help of ns2 tool that has contain brief procedures, extension of the simulation along with code snippets. If you did like to know more information we will offered it. For best simulation guidance you can always rely on us we will give you tailored assistance.
