To simulate Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) protocols using NS2, which encompasses knowing the fundamental networking protocols taught within CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) and mapping them to the NS2 environment. The network simulator NS2 supports numerous simple networking protocols, which align with CCNA topics, like RIP, OSPF, TCP/IP, UDP, and so on. phdprime.com can provide you with detailed guidance and project results. If you want the best CCNA Protocols Projects simulation using the ns2 tool, we will deliver great results for you.
Here’s a simple instruction on how we can simulate CCNA-related protocols in NS2:
Steps to Simulate CCNA Protocols Projects in NS2
- Install NS2
Make sure we have NS2 installed on the machine. We can download NS2 from the official website and install it based on the operating system. NS2 is best execute on Linux.
- Understand Key CCNA Protocols and NS2 Support
Some of the significant protocols are covered in CCNA, which can be replicated in NS2 that contain:
- RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
- OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
- TCP/IP
- UDP
- FTP/HTTP (application layer protocols for traffic generation)
Even though protocols such as OSPF may need custom implementation or patching, basic protocols such as RIP, TCP, and UDP are supported directly within NS2.
- Create a Simulation Script
Here’s how we can simulate general CCNA protocols using NS2.
3.1 Simulating TCP and UDP
These are foundational transport-layer protocols. We can be mimicked network traffic across TCP or UDP among the nodes.
# Create a new simulator instance
set ns [new Simulator]
# Create nodes
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
# Create TCP agents and attach to nodes
set tcp0 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp0
set sink [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $n1 $sink
# Establish connection
$ns connect $tcp0 $sink
# Traffic generation using FTP (application over TCP)
set ftp [new Application/FTP]
$ftp attach-agent $tcp0
$ftp start
# Define simulation parameters
$ns at 10.0 “finish”
$ns run
This simulates a simple TCP connection in which FTP traffic is generated among two nodes.
3.2 Simulating RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
RIP is a distance-vector routing protocol, which is supported within NS2. Here’s a simple RIP simulation script.
# Create a new simulator instance
set ns [new Simulator]
# Set up nodes
set n0 [$ns node]
set n1 [$ns node]
set n2 [$ns node]
# Enable RIP routing protocol
$ns node-config -routingProtocol RIP
# Create TCP agents
set tcp0 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp0
set sink [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $n1 $sink
# Establish TCP connection over RIP
$ns connect $tcp0 $sink
# Generate FTP traffic
set ftp [new Application/FTP]
$ftp attach-agent $tcp0
$ftp start
# Simulation ends at 10.0 seconds
$ns at 10.0 “finish”
$ns run
This script configurations nodes with RIP as the routing protocol and introduces FTP traffic over TCP.
3.3 Simulating OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
Inappropriately, NS2 does not directly support OSPF, however we can manually execute it or implement a patch. If we discover an OSPF patch then the steps would be:
- Install the OSPF patch.
- Alter the TCL script to use OSPF.
After patching, an instance set up might look like this:
# Configure nodes to use OSPF
$ns node-config -routingProtocol OSPF
3.4 Simulating FTP/HTTP Traffic Over TCP
To replicate application layer traffic (such as FTP or HTTP) across TCP, we can use the following command:
# Simulate HTTP traffic over TCP
set http [new Application/Traffic/HTTP]
$http attach-agent $tcp0
$http start
3.5 Simulating UDP Traffic
UDP is a connectionless protocol frequently utilized within network simulations for protocols such as DNS or real-time media. Here’s how to replicate UDP traffic:
# Create UDP agents and traffic generators
set udp0 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $n0 $udp0
set null [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $n1 $null
# Establish connection for UDP traffic
$ns connect $udp0 $null
# Generate constant bit rate (CBR) traffic over UDP
set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr set packetSize_ 512
$cbr set rate_ 100kb
$cbr attach-agent $udp0
$ns at 0.5 “$cbr start”
3.6 Simulating Network Traffic and Delay
We need to mimic link properties like bandwidth, delay, and queue size that are also significant in CCNA studies:
# Define a wired link with delay and bandwidth between two nodes
$ns duplex-link $n0 $n1 10Mb 20ms DropTail
- Run the Simulation
- We can save the TCL script with a .tcl extension (e.g., ccna_simulation.tcl).
- Run it using NS2:
ns ccna_simulation.tcl
- Analyze Simulation Output
- Trace files (.tr): These encompass detailed records of network events (e.g., packet send/receive events).
- NAM (Network Animator) files (.nam): Envision the network topology and packet flow utilizing the NS2 NAM tool.
We can be investigated the performance of distinct protocols (e.g., throughput, packet delivery ratio, and latency) utilizing AWK or Python scripts to parse trace files.
- Performance Evaluation
We can estimate CCNA protocol performance by analysing:
- Packet delivery ratio
- Throughput
- End-to-end delay
- Routing overhead
Example CCNA Projects in NS2
- Comparison of TCP and UDP Performance: Replicate TCP and UDP traffic over the similar topology and compare their performance such as latency, packet delivery, and throughput.
- Routing Performance with RIP: Mimic a network utilizing the RIP routing protocol and examine the protocol’s routing efficiency and overhead.
- FTP Performance Analysis: Replicate an FTP server and client communication, then examine file transfer times over diverse network configurations.
- Simulating Real-Time Applications: Utilize UDP to replicate real-time traffic such as VoIP and compute the effect of packet loss and delay.
By employing NS2, we successfully followed in-depth simulation steps along with example projects ideas for CCNA Protocols projects, simulated and analysed. We are furnished to provide extra informations and instances on this protocol upon request
