To simulate the classless routing protocol projects using OPNET (Riverbed Modeler) which encompasses to set up protocols, which support Variable Length Subnet Masking (VLSM) and CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) that enabling for flexible IP addressing and effective utilize of IP address space. General classless protocols comprise RIP version 2 (RIPv2), OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol), and BGP (Border Gateway Protocol). Below is a detailed procedural step to simulate classless protocols in OPNET:
Steps to Simulate Classless Protocol Projects in OPNET
- Define Project Objectives and Scope
- Specify the objectives: Describe what we require to learn like route aggregation, protocol convergence, scalability, response to link failures, or comparing classless protocols with each other.
- Set performance metrics: General parameters contain convergence time, packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, end-to-end delay, and network utilization.
- Design the Network Topology
- Set up a network layout: Model a network along with routers, switches, servers, and end devices utilize OPNET’s graphical interface. Set up the network to contain diverse subnets, which will be used classless addressing.
- Assign IP addresses using CIDR: Utilize CIDR notation such as 192.168.1.0/24, 10.0.0.0/8 for IP addresses in each subnet. It permits the network to support subnetting and supernetting that are important for effective IP address space usage.
- Enable and Configure Classless Protocols on Routers
- Select and configure a classless protocol:
- Select one or more classless protocols like RIPv2, OSPF, EIGRP, or BGP are based on the replication objectives.
- Configure protocol-specific settings:
- RIPv2:
- Update Interval: Configure the interval for periodic updates (default is 30 seconds).
- Route Aggregation: Allow route aggregation in which applicable to reduce the routing table size and enhance scalability.
- Subnet Mask: RIPv2 supports VLSM, thus set up subnet masks according to the CIDR notation.
- OSPF:
- Area Designation: Make a hierarchical design by describing a backbone area (area 0) and more areas that supports OSPF scale within large networks.
- Link Cost: Configure link costs to impact OSPF’s path selection for shortest-path routing.
- Hello and Dead Intervals: Set up Hello and Dead intervals to handle the neighbor relationships and identify link failures.
- EIGRP:
- Autonomous System (AS) Number: Configure the AS number for every router in the EIGRP domain.
- K-Values: Change the K-values to manage EIGRP’s composite metric calculation that impacts path selection.
- Route Summarization: Allow automatic or manual summarization at network boundaries to minimize the routing table size and then enhance protocol efficiency.
- BGP (if simulating inter-AS routing):
- AS Number: Set up diverse AS numbers for routers within distinct ASs replicating BGP’s external routing.
- Neighbor Relationships: Manually set up BGP neighbors as BGP does not automatically find the neighbors.
- Route Aggregation and Filtering: Make simpler routing tables and route filtering for policy-based routing utilizing route aggregation.
- RIPv2:
- Simulate Application Traffic
- Generate data traffic: Make numerous kinds of data flows such as HTTP, FTP, and VoIP over nodes within the network using OPNET’s traffic generator.
- Define communication pairs: Set up source-destination pairs over numerous subnets to replicate the routing over different network segments and experiment protocol scalability.
- Monitor Routing Table Updates and Protocol Behavior
- Track routing table updates:
- For RIPv2, observe the periodic updates to ensure that each router correctly supports CIDR and VLSM in its routing table.
- For OSPF, monitor how routers exchange Link State Advertisements (LSAs) to modernize routing data.
- Observe the Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) to monitor how EIGRP computes and stabilizes routes rely on composite metrics for EIGRP.
- For BGP, monitor the advertisement and withdrawal of routes to external ASs and then check the use of CIDR within route summarization.
- Route Aggregation:
- Make certain that each protocol combines routes in which possible that minimizing the size of routing tables and enhancing routing efficiency.
- Simulate Network Events and Observe Protocol Response
- Link and Router Failures:
- Detach links or disable routers to replicate the failures. Observe how each protocol recomputes the routes and also assess the duration for the network to converge on new paths.
- Network Load Changes:
- Maximize traffic load to estimate how successfully each protocol handles the congestion and sustains route stability under higher demands.
- Network Scaling:
- Insert additional routers and subnets experimenting protocol scalability, monitoring any modifications in convergence time, routing table size, and overhead.
- Collect and Analyze Performance Metrics
- Packet Delivery Ratio: Calculate the percentage of packets effectively delivered, which showing the reliability.
- End-to-End Delay: Monitor the duration for packets to move from source to destination that indicating routing efficiency.
- Routing Overhead: Assess the bandwidth used by control messages such as updates, LSAs, route advertisements relative to data packets.
- Convergence Time: Compute the duration for every router to stabilize its routing tables after a topology change.
- Path Efficiency: Estimate if the selected paths are ideal such as hop count and cost, especially for protocols, which permit the custom cost sets up such as OSPF and EIGRP.
- Optimize Protocol Parameters and Experiment with Configurations (Optional)
- Adjust Route Aggregation:
- For OSPF and EIGRP, modify the summarization settings at area or AS boundaries to enhance the routing table size and convergence time.
- For BGP, test with route straining to manage the route advertisement and replicate policy-based routing.
- Change Protocol Timers:
- Change Hello, Dead, and update intervals to balance among rapid convergence and overhead.
- Experiment with Network Density:
- Experiment the protocol performance with distinct node densities to examine scalability that especially within larger networks.
- Generate Reports and Document Findings
- Visualization: Make graphs and charts that indicating parameters such as convergence time, packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, and end-to-end delay using OPNET’s data analysis tools.
- Summarize Observations: Record the behaviour of protocol, notify strengths, and weaknesses under numerous conditions, with a concentrate on CIDR efficiency, convergence, and scalability.
We had effectively illustrated the detailed systematic method for replicating and analyzing the Classless Protocol Projects with the help of OPNET. We will be delivered extra insights on this subject, if you desired.
Communicate with phdprime.com, where our dedicated team is committed to providing you with optimal results. We specialize in Classless Protocol Projects utilizing the OPNET tool, so please share your details with us, and we will assist you in achieving the best outcomes. Our expertise extends to effectively managing RIP version 2 (RIPv2), OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol), and BGP (Border Gateway Protocol).
