To simulate distributed routing using OPNET Modeler that encompasses to configure a network in which routing decisions are created using individual routers via data distributing along with nearby routers instead of a centralized controller. This decentralized method is general in protocols such as RIP (Routing Information Protocol), OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), and EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) that function at the distributed routing’s principles. We can follow these steps on how to set up a distributed routing simulation in OPNET:
Steps to Simulate Distributed Routing Projects in OPNET
- Set Up the OPNET Project
- To make a new project that concentrate on distributed routing in OPNET Modeler.
- Describe the workspace that containing replication duration and parameters to monitor parameters such as convergence time, packet delay, and network load distribution.
- Design the Network Topology
- Make a network including routers, switches, and endpoints such as clients and servers.
- Make sure that the network topology contains several paths among nodes, which permitting the distributed routing protocol to actively choose the routes depends on the real-time network conditions.
- Insert redundancy by means of making alternative paths among the nodes monitoring distributed decision-making.
- Enable a Distributed Routing Protocol
- Choose a distributed routing protocol according to the aims:
- RIP (Routing Information Protocol): Utilize hop count like a metric, distance-vector protocol.
- OSPF (Open Shortest Path First): A link-state protocol, which uses link cost to find out the shortest path.
- EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol): For route selection it utilizes a set of parameters such as bandwidth, delay and it is optimal for distributed environments.
- Allow the chosen protocol at every router within the network:
- RIP: Set up RIP-specific metrics like update intervals and route timeout.
- OSPF: Allow OSPF and then configure link costs at every link denoting the “cost” of navigating that link. For larger networks, we can also be set up multi-area OSPF.
- EIGRP: Allow EIGRP and then set up metric weights like bandwidth and delay, to impact on route selection.
- Configure Link Characteristics and Costs
- Describe properties of each link such as bandwidth, delay, error rate depends on the study objectives.
- Configure certain link costs for OSPF or metric values for EIGRP to impact on how routes are chosen in the network.
- Define Application Traffic
- Configure application traffic replicating real data flow through the network:
- Describe the traffic patterns like HTTP requests, FTP sessions, or VoIP streams in Application Config and Profile Config,.
- Link profiles to client and server nodes to make data flows, which will be actively, routed using the distributed protocol.
- Enable Metrics Collection for Distributed Routing Analysis
- Allow collection of parameters for routing-specific information that contains:
- Route Changes: Monitor how frequently routing tables update in react to network modifications.
- Convergence Time: After a topology change, estimate the duration for the network to attain a stable routing state.
- Link Utilization: Monitor link usage through the network observing how evenly traffic is delivered.
- Latency and Delay: Observe the delay and latency by selected paths.
- Run the Simulation
- Begin the replication then observe how the distributed routing protocol functions within real-time.
- Monitor the distributed swap of routing data among nodes, routing table updates, and observe how data packets flow across the network.
- Analyze Results
- After the simulation, measure the distributed routing performance utilizing OPNET’s analysis:
- Convergence Time: After topology or network load changes, estimate the convergence time of protocol to attain a stable state.
- Route Stability: Monitor how stable transmits over time, and verifying for often route changes, which may show the instability.
- Latency and Packet Delay: Analyse the delay for packets through chosen routes that can be indicated on how effectively the protocol chooses paths.
- Network Load Distribution: Examine link utilization to monitor if traffic is successfully delivered then avoiding congestion on any unique link.
In conclusion, Distributed Routing Project’s simulation process, completed in steps using OPNET, was simulated successfully. We have the capacity to expand this project in depth if necessary.
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