To simulate an Extended Star Topology using MATLAB, it is a hierarchical structure in which several star networks are associated to a central node or hub that making a larger network with numerous layers. This topology is frequently utilized in large networks to aggregate the smaller star sets up, which offering scalability even though retaining the advantages of a star topology.
To replicate an Extended Star Topology within MATLAB, we can configure many star topologies are associated via a backbone node or central hub. We present the systematic process to simulate the Extended Star Topology in MATLAB.
Steps to Simulate an Extended Star Topology in MATLAB
- Define the Network Structure
- Describe a central hub or backbone node.
- Configure numerous star topologies, each with their individual hub and associated nodes, and link each hub to the central hub.
- Simulate Data Transmission
- Execute the data transmission in each star, and replicate data transfers among stars through the central hub.
- Visualize the Topology
- Plot the central hub, sub-hubs, and every connected node to demonstrate the extended star structure.
- Evaluate Performance Metrics
- Estimate the performance parameters like total data transmitted, latency, and packet success rate.
Example MATLAB Code for Simulating an Extended Star Topology
Following is a MATLAB script which replicates an extended star topology along with a central hub and several sub-star topologies.
% Parameters
numStars = 3; % Number of star networks
nodesPerStar = 4; % Nodes per star network
centralHubPosition = [0, 0]; % Position of the central hub
starRadius = 10; % Radius for placing nodes around each sub-hub
starHubRadius = 20; % Distance of each star hub from the central hub
transmissionDelay = 0.5; % Delay per transmission (in seconds)
dataPackets = randi([50, 100], numStars, nodesPerStar); % Data packets each star node sends
% Calculate positions for each star hub around the central hub
thetaStar = linspace(0, 2*pi, numStars + 1);
thetaStar(end) = []; % Remove duplicate angle
starHubPositions = [starHubRadius * cos(thetaStar)’, starHubRadius * sin(thetaStar)’];
% Plot the extended star topology
figure;
hold on;
plot(centralHubPosition(1), centralHubPosition(2), ‘ro’, ‘MarkerSize’, 10, ‘DisplayName’, ‘Central Hub’); % Central hub node
% Initialize storage for node positions
nodePositions = {};
for s = 1:numStars
% Plot each star hub and connect it to the central hub
plot(starHubPositions(s,1), starHubPositions(s,2), ‘mo’, ‘MarkerSize’, 8, ‘DisplayName’, [‘Star Hub ‘, num2str(s)]);
plot([centralHubPosition(1), starHubPositions(s,1)], [centralHubPosition(2), starHubPositions(s,2)], ‘k-‘); % Connection to central hub
% Calculate positions for peripheral nodes in each star
thetaNode = linspace(0, 2*pi, nodesPerStar + 1);
thetaNode(end) = [];
nodePositions{s} = [starRadius * cos(thetaNode)’ + starHubPositions(s,1), …
starRadius * sin(thetaNode)’ + starHubPositions(s,2)];
% Plot each node in the star and connect it to the star hub
for i = 1:nodesPerStar
plot(nodePositions{s}(i,1), nodePositions{s}(i,2), ‘bo’, ‘MarkerSize’, 6, ‘DisplayName’, [‘Node ‘, num2str(i), ‘ of Star ‘, num2str(s)]);
plot([starHubPositions(s,1), nodePositions{s}(i,1)], [starHubPositions(s,2), nodePositions{s}(i,2)], ‘k–‘);
end
end
legend(‘Central Hub’, ‘Star Hubs’, ‘Peripheral Nodes’);
title(‘Extended Star Topology Network’);
xlabel(‘X Position’);
ylabel(‘Y Position’);
grid on;
axis equal;
hold off;
% Step 1: Simulate Data Transmission within Each Star and to the Central Hub
disp(‘Data Transmission Simulation:’);
% Transmission from peripheral nodes to their respective star hubs
for s = 1:numStars
for i = 1:nodesPerStar
fprintf(‘Node %d in Star %d sends %d packets to Star Hub %d…\n’, i, s, dataPackets(s,i), s);
pause(transmissionDelay);
fprintf(‘Star Hub %d received data from Node %d in Star %d\n’, s, i, s);
end
end
% Transmission between each star hub and the central hub
for s = 1:numStars
fprintf(‘Star Hub %d sends data to the Central Hub…\n’, s);
pause(transmissionDelay);
fprintf(‘Central Hub received data from Star Hub %d\n’, s);
end
% Step 2: Display Network Metrics (Example: Total Data Transmitted)
totalDataTransmitted = sum(dataPackets(:));
disp([‘Total data transmitted in the network: ‘, num2str(totalDataTransmitted), ‘ packets’]);
Explanation of Code
- Hub and Node Placement:
- The central hub is located at the origin.
- Each sub-star hub is positioned around the central hub within a circular layout, and each peripheral node in each star is organised around their respective hub.
- Topology Visualization:
- The central hub, each star hub, and every peripheral node are plotted.
- Connections are sketched among the central hub and each star hub, and between each star hub and their associated nodes.
- Data Transmission Simulation:
- Peripheral nodes transmit data to its corresponding star hubs.
- Every single star hub then transmits information to the central hub which replicating hierarchical communication within an extended star network.
- Network Metrics Calculation:
- The total data sent by every node is computed and showed at the end.
Extensions and Variations
- Bidirectional Communication:
- From the central hub back to each peripheral node, enable data to be sent that replicating the two-way communication.
- Introduce Packet Loss or Variable Delays:
- Insert random packet loss or changing transmission delays to mimic a more realistic environment.
- Evaluate Additional Performance Metrics:
- Monitor average packet delay, throughput, and packet success rates for an additional in-depth performance analysis.
- Dynamic Topology Changes:
- Replicate the addition or elimination of nodes or hubs actively in the course of the simulation to measure the network resilience.
Visualization of Data Transmission
Indicate the amount of data each star hub manages, which comprising total data from their peripheral nodes using a bar plot.
% Calculate total packets received by each star hub
dataPerHub = sum(dataPackets, 2);
% Plot the number of packets received by each star hub
figure;
bar(1:numStars, dataPerHub);
title(‘Data Packets Received by Each Star Hub’);
xlabel(‘Star Hub Index’);
ylabel(‘Packets Received’);
grid on;
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