To simulate global routing using OPNET, we must follow given simulation steps to configure a large-scale network, which utilizes both intra-domain and inter-domain routing protocols, to offer insights through how routing decisions are created over a global network.
Steps to Simulate Global Routing Projects in OPNET
- Create a New OPNET Project
- Open OPNET Modeler then make a new project that indicating the project name and situation name.
- Select a network scale, which suitable for global routing like “Enterprise” or “Internet,” based on the complexity requirement.
- Design the Network Topology
- Model workspace in the network and make a topology along with several Autonomous Systems (ASes), each containing collection of routers and end-host nodes.
- Utilise border routers for associate every AS to replicate the global routing through AS boundaries.
- For inter-AS communication and internal routers for local, intra-AS routing, utilize a hierarchical or mesh topology that is normal for large-scale networks, with central routers.
- Configure Routing Protocols
- Intra-Domain Routing (Within Each AS):
- Utilize protocols such as OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) or RIP (Routing Information Protocol) in each AS, for intra-domain routing.
- Allocate single OSPF Area IDs or AS numbers in the larger AS and then configure suitable link costs replicating realistic path selection in the AS.
- Inter-Domain Routing (Between ASes):
- Utilize BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) for inter-domain (global) routing among ASes. Set up BGP on the border routers handling route exchange between ASes.
- Allocate every AS a single Autonomous System Number (ASN) and launch BGP peering relationships among the border routers of nearby ASes.
- Set Up Routing Policies
- Describe the BGP routing policies mimicking real-world route preferences and limitations. Set up BGP settings to impact the path selection depending on:
- AS Path: The number of ASes a route navigates utilized to have preference shorter paths.
- Route Filtering: Limit specific routes according to the IP prefix or AS path.
- Attributes: Configure attributes such as LOCAL_PREF or MED (Multi-Exit Discriminator), for incoming and outgoing traffic managing route preferences.
- Define Application Traffic
- Make application-level traffic among nodes through diverse ASes utilising the Application Config and Profile Config objects.
- Configure certain traffic flows among nodes within distinct ASes, to replicate the real-world applications such as HTTP, FTP, and VoIP that will be used global routes for interaction.
- Customize Link Attributes
- Describe the link properties like bandwidth, delay, and error rates among routers in and over ASes making different path costs.
- Set up links among ASes along with changing capacities to monitor how global routing protocols react to differed network conditions, for more complex replications.
- Configure Simulation Parameters
- Configure the simulation time then choose the parameters we require to accumulate like convergence time, routing table size, and route update messages.
- For global routing performance parameters, to allow data collection with BGP update frequency, OSPF convergence time, and end-to-end delay.
- Run the Simulation
- Select “Run” to execute the replication for any set up mistakes that particularly within BGP and OSPF settings.
- Monitor how packets are routed both in and over the ASes including intra-domain protocols to handle the local traffic and BGP to manage inter-domain traffic.
- Analyze Results
- Estimate the performance of global routing utilizing OPNET’s analysis tools. Examine crucial parameters that involve:
- Convergence Time: Measure duration to steady after a modification in network topology for routing tables.
- End-to-End Delay: Compute the average delay packets to move through several ASes.
- BGP Update Frequency: Estimate the number and frequency of BGP update messages that can influence the bandwidth usage and stability.
- Packet Delivery Ratio: Assess the percentage of packets effectively that are attaining its global destinations.
- AS Path Length: The volume of AS hops for chosen paths, to indicate the routing efficiency through the global network.
By using OPNET environment, we had efficiently shown the brief simulation method to replicate and estimate the Global Routing Projects. Furthermore, we ready to deliver more innovative information related to this topic.
To simulate global routing with OPNET, we adhere to a series of simulation steps to configure your project. By understanding your requirements, we ensure the timely completion of your work with results of the highest quality.
