To simulate Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) projects utilizing OMNeT++, we utilize the INET framework that supports a broad range of network protocols and it can be prolonged to contain GPSR. Below are the simple guide to simulate a GPSR project in OMNeT++:
Steps to Simulate Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing Projects in OMNeT++
- Install OMNeT++ and INET Framework
- Initially, make sure that we have OMNeT++ installed. We can download OMNeT++ from here.
- After installing OMNeT++, we download and install the INET framework from INET GitHub repository.
- The INET framework offers the essential components for simulating wireless networks, containing simple routing mechanisms.
- Download or Implement GPSR in INET
- By default, INET does not come with GPSR, thus we have to either:
- We must download a GPSR execution from external sources (if available).
- Execute GPSR on top of the INET framework.
Implementing GPSR (Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing)
- GPSR is a geographic routing protocol, which contains two modes: Greedy Forwarding and Perimeter Forwarding.
- Greedy Forwarding: In this mode, a node transfer packets to the neighbour nearest to the destination.
- Perimeter Forwarding: Once greedy forwarding fails then the packets are transferred using a perimeter routing algorithm rely on planar graphs.
- 3. Extend INET Framework for GPSR (if needed)
- If we are executing the GPSR ourselves then we make a custom module within the INET framework. We will require to prolong the RoutingProtocolBase class to execute GPSR behavior.
- We require to describe functions for:
- Greedy forwarding: Where the node forwards the packet to the neighbour geographically nearest to the destination.
- Perimeter forwarding: Execute routing using the right-hand rule on the planar graph once the greedy transferring fails.
- The GPSR algorithm also wants to interact with geographic coordinates, thus make certain that the nodes are aware of their location.
- Set Up Your Network Topology (NED File)
- In OMNeT++, describe the network topology within a NED file. This file defines the layout of nodes (hosts) and the connections (links) among them.
- The nodes should have wireless interfaces and be able to send or receive packets utilizing GPSR.
- We will also require to describe the network parameters, like the channel model, data rate, transmission range, and mobility patterns.
Example NED file:
network GPSRNetwork {
submodules:
node[10]: WirelessHost {
@display(“p=” + (i*100) + “,” + (i*100)); // positions nodes randomly
}
connections:
// No direct connections needed, as wireless communication will occur.
}
- Configure Simulation Parameters in omnetpp.ini
- Utilize the omnetpp.ini file to set up the simulation environment, containing network layers, mobility, and GPSR routing parameters.
- Instance configuration for GPSR may look like:
[General]
network = GPSRNetwork
**.node[*].mobilityType = “INET.mobility.trails.LinearMobility”
**.node[*].mobility.speed = 10mps
**.node[*].mobility.constraintAreaMinX = 0m
**.node[*].mobility.constraintAreaMaxX = 1000m
**.node[*].mobility.constraintAreaMinY = 0m
**.node[*].mobility.constraintAreaMaxY = 1000m
**.node[*].routingProtocol = “GPSR”
**.node[*].gpsr.forwardingMode = “greedy”
**.node[*].gpsr.maxTransmissionDistance = 250m
- This file will set up node mobility and utilize of the GPSR protocol for packet forwarding. We can change the mobility model and communication range based on project requirements.
- Define Mobility Models (Optional)
- Since GPSR is a geographic routing protocol, it executes well in mobile scenarios. Ee can describe node movement using distinct mobility models such as random waypoint, linear, or group-based mobility.
- In omnetpp.ini, we can identify a mobility model like:
**.node[*].mobilityType = “INET.mobility.single.RandomWaypointMobility”
- Implement or Use an Application Layer
- We require some application or traffic to generate packets. It can be a basic traffic generator like UdpBasicApp or a custom application creted for the intention of the project.
- Describe the traffic pattern in omnetpp.ini:
**.node[*].numApps = 1
**.node[*].app[0].typename = “UdpBasicApp”
**.node[*].app[0].destAddresses = “node[5]”
- Run the Simulation
- We can run the simulation from the OMNeT++ IDE. Observe how packets are transferred using GPSR according to the nodes’ geographic positions.
- We can envision the movement of nodes and packet forwarding using the built-in simulation tools.
- Analyse Results
- OMNeT++ delivers numerous tools to examine outcomes, containing scalar results and vector outputs. We can gather parameters like:
- Packet delivery ratio.
- End-to-end delay.
- Control overhead (routing protocol traffic).
- Path length.
- We can be utilized OMNeT++’s plove tool or export outcomes to external tools such as Python for further analysis.
- Extend GPSR Implementation (Optional)
- If we require to prolong the functionality of GPSR then we can insert additional sophisticated forwarding strategies, incorporate energy-aware metrics, or aggregate GPSR with other routing protocols.
- As well, we can be mimicked scenarios such as high mobility, sparse networks, or obstacle-rich environments to experiment GPSR’s effectiveness.
Example Structure for GPSR Simulation:
- NED file: Describes network topology and node characteristics.
- omnetpp.ini: Encompasses configuration for routing protocol, mobility, and traffic generation.
- GPSR.cc: If we are executing GPSR from scratch then this would include the logic for the protocol (Greedy and Perimeter forwarding).
In this setup, we gathers the innovative information about the Greedy perimeter stateless routing projects and example structure also provided, which was simulated and analysed their outcomes using OMNeT++ tool. We design to deliver the more data regarding this process in further setup.
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