To simulate Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) projects using NS2, we can design a network that contain an industrial sensors, actuators, and gateways communicating in real-time over wireless or wired infrastructure. IIoT usually needs high reliability, low latency, and usually energy-efficient communication.
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Here’s a detailed guide on how to simulate an IIoT network using NS2:
Steps to Simulate Industrial Internet of Things Projects in NS2
- Install NS2
Make sure that we have NS2 installed on the system. If not, we can download it from the NS2 website. Validate that your installation contain support for wireless and sensor networks.
- Understand IIoT Network Components
- Sensors: These devices track numerous industrial parameters such as temperature, vibration and transmit data.
- Actuators: Devices that take action according to sensor input (e.g., turn off a machine).
- Gateways: Devices that combined sensor data and forward it to a cloud server or local data center.
- Communication Links: Can be weather wireless or wired depending on the network setup.
- Energy Efficiency: Some IIoT devices can be battery-powered and thus needs energy models to track power consumption.
- Configure Wireless or Wired Nodes
We can initiate by describing the numerous nodes in IIoT network, like sensors, actuators, and gateways. In NS2, these nodes can be configured as wireless or wired relay on the industrial environment.
set ns [new Simulator]
# Configure wireless sensor nodes (for wireless IIoT network)
$ns node-config -adhocRouting AODV \
-llType LL \
-macType Mac/802_11 \
-ifqType Queue/DropTail/PriQueue \
-ifqLen 50 \
-antType Antenna/OmniAntenna \
-propType Propagation/TwoRayGround \
-phyType Phy/WirelessPhy
# Create IIoT nodes (sensors, actuators, gateway)
set sensor1 [$ns node]
set sensor2 [$ns node]
set actuator [$ns node]
set gateway [$ns node]
# Set node positions in the industrial environment
$sensor1 set X_ 0.0; $sensor1 set Y_ 0.0; $sensor1 set Z_ 0.0
$sensor2 set X_ 50.0; $sensor2 set Y_ 0.0; $sensor2 set Z_ 0.0
$actuator set X_ 100.0; $actuator set Y_ 0.0; $actuator set Z_ 0.0
$gateway set X_ 150.0; $gateway set Y_ 0.0; $gateway set Z_ 0.0
- Data Communication Between Sensors and Gateway
IIoT sensors gather data periodically and sent it to the gateway for processing. We can utilize UDP agents and CBR (Constant Bit Rate) traffic to design periodic data transmission from sensors to the gateway.
# Setup communication between sensor1 and gateway
set udp1 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $sensor1 $udp1
set null1 [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $gateway $null1
$ns connect $udp1 $null1
# Generate CBR traffic for data transmission from sensor1
set cbr1 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr1 attach-agent $udp1
$cbr1 set packetSize_ 512
$cbr1 set interval_ 0.5 ;# Transmit data every 0.5 seconds
Repeat similar steps to set up communication among other sensors (like sensor2) and the gateway.
- Actuator Response Based on Sensor Data
Actuators take actions according to the data received from sensors. We can replicate this by transmitting data from the gateway to an actuator node after receiving input from the sensors.
# Setup communication between gateway and actuator
set udp2 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $gateway $udp2
set null2 [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $actuator $null2
$ns connect $udp2 $null2
# Generate CBR traffic from gateway to actuator
set cbr2 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr2 attach-agent $udp2
$cbr2 set packetSize_ 512
$cbr2 set interval_ 1.0 ;# Actuator receives data every 1 second
This configuration transmits control data or commands from the gateway to the actuator in response to sensor input.
- Energy Model for Battery-Powered Devices
If some IIoT devices, such as sensors, are battery-powered, we can set up an energy model to monitor their power consumption.
# Configure energy models for IIoT devices
$ns node-config -energyModel EnergyModel \
-initialEnergy 100.0 \
-rxPower 1.0 \
-txPower 1.5 \
-idlePower 0.5 \
-sleepPower 0.01
This enables you to replicate how sensor nodes consume energy while transmitting, receiving, or idling.
- Mobility (Optional)
In some IIoT scenarios, devices can be mobile, like in a smart factory environment with moving equipment. We can replicate node mobility using NS2’s mobility models such as random waypoint.
# Example of mobility for sensor1
$ns at 1.0 “$sensor1 setdest 100.0 100.0 10.0” ;# Move to a new location
This simulates movement of the sensor node within the industrial environment.
- Implement QoS (Quality of Service)
IIoT networks usually needs reliable and time-sensitive data transmission. we can set up Queue Management and packet priority to replicate QoS for critical IIoT applications.
# Increase queue length and manage priority for QoS
$ns node-config -ifqLen 100 ;# Larger buffer for handling more packets
This make sure that critical data gets selected and delivered on time.
- Run the Simulation
Once IIoT network is set up, execute the simulation with the following command:
ns iiot_network.tcl
This will replicate data flow among sensors, actuators, and the gateway in the industrial environment.
- Analyse Performance Metrics
After executing the simulation, evaluate key parameters such as:
- Throughput: Evaluate how much data is successfully transmitted among nodes.
- Latency: The delay among data transmission and reception, specifically significant for real-time IIoT applications.
- Energy consumption: If using energy models, monitor on how much power each sensor consumes in the course of the simulation.
- Packet loss: evaluate on how much data is lost in the course of transmission that can impact IIoT performance.
These parameters can be extracted from NS2’s trace files that can evaluate using AWK or other post-processing tools.
- Advanced Features
- Edge Computing: we can establish edge devices that process data locally, minimizing latency and bandwidth requirements.
- Security Simulation: Apply encryption or secure protocols to replicate secure communication among IIoT devices.
- Multi-hop Communication: In large industrial setups, sensors can communicate with the gateway via intermediate nodes, replicating multi-hop communication.
Example TCL Script for IIoT Network Simulation
Here is an instance of a basic IIoT network simulation with sensors, an actuator, and a gateway:
# IIoT Network Simulation in NS2
set ns [new Simulator]
set tracefile [open iiot_network.tr w]
set namfile [open iiot_network.nam w]
$ns trace-all $tracefile
$ns namtrace-all $namfile
# Configure wireless IIoT devices with energy models
$ns node-config -energyModel EnergyModel \
-initialEnergy 100 \
-rxPower 1.0 \
-txPower 1.5 \
-idlePower 0.5 \
-sleepPower 0.01
# Create IIoT nodes (sensors, actuator, gateway)
set sensor1 [$ns node]
set sensor2 [$ns node]
set actuator [$ns node]
set gateway [$ns node]
# Setup communication between sensor1 and gateway
set udp1 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $sensor1 $udp1
set null1 [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $gateway $null1
$ns connect $udp1 $null1
# Create CBR traffic from sensor1 to gateway
set cbr1 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr1 attach-agent $udp1
$cbr1 set packetSize_ 512
$cbr1 set interval_ 0.5
# Setup communication between gateway and actuator
set udp2 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $gateway $udp2
set null2 [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $actuator
We thorough the entire Manual and analysed the simulation process on how the industrial internet of things will be simulated and executed using the tool of ns2 framework over the wired and wireless network. If you did like to know more details regarding this process we will offered it. For optimal simulation outcomes, phdprime.com will serve as your reliable partner. Allow us to ensure your project achieves exceptional performance.
