To simulate an Irregular Topology using OMNeT++ has includes making a network in which the nodes are connected in an arbitrary or non-uniform fashion. Different regular topologies like mesh, star, or ring, irregular topologies do not follow a strict pattern, and the connections among the nodes are different such as number, distance, and layout. This kind of topology is frequently utilized in wireless sensor networks, ad-hoc networks, or real-world communication networks in which physical constraints affect the node connections.
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The following is a simple method on how to simulate an Irregular Topology project in OMNeT++ step-by-step:
Steps to Simulate Irregular Topology Projects in OMNeT++
- Understand Irregular Topology
In an Irregular Topology, nodes are connected in a random or non-uniform manner. Each node can have a distinct amount of neighbours, and the layout may not follow a certain geometric pattern. This kind of topology is ideal for networks in which node placement and connections are restricted by physical factors like obstacles, environmental limitations, or device capabilities.
- Plan the Network Layout
For an irregular topology:
- Nodes: Each node can be arbitrarily or manually located within the network.
- Connections: Nodes have changing numbers of connections, forming an irregular graph of links among them.
In OMNeT++, this can be replicated by manually describing arbitrary connections among the nodes or by utilizing the probabilistic models to generate connections.
- Define the Irregular Topology in NED (NED File)
In the NED file, we can manually identify connections among the nodes to form an irregular topology. Otherwise, we can describe node positions arbitrarily or based on real-world conditions.
Sample NED File (IrregularTopology.ned)
package irregularnetwork;
import inet.node.inet.WirelessHost;
network IrregularTopology
{
parameters:
int numNodes = default(6); // Number of nodes in the network
@display(“bgb=600,600”); // Display area size
submodules:
// Define nodes for the irregular topology
node[numNodes]: WirelessHost {
@display(“p=100,100;i=device/laptop”);
}
connections allowunconnected:
// Manually define irregular connections between nodes
// Connect node 0 to node 1 and node 2
node[0].out++ –> node[1].in++;
node[1].out++ –> node[0].in++;
node[0].out++ –> node[2].in++;
node[2].out++ –> node[0].in++;
// Connect node 1 to node 3
node[1].out++ –> node[3].in++;
node[3].out++ –> node[1].in++;
// Connect node 2 to node 4 and node 5
node[2].out++ –> node[4].in++;
node[4].out++ –> node[2].in++;
node[2].out++ –> node[5].in++;
node[5].out++ –> node[2].in++;
// Connect node 3 to node 5
node[3].out++ –> node[5].in++;
node[5].out++ –> node[3].in++;
}
In this NED file:
- Nodes: Six nodes are described and connected in an irregular manner. A few nodes have more neighbours than others, and connections do not follow a usual pattern.
- Connections: Each node is associated to distinct nodes in a non-uniform manner. For example, node 0 is connected to nodes 1 and 2, however node 1 is also connected to node 3.
- Randomly Place Nodes in the Network
We can arbitrarily allocate a positions to the nodes in the omnetpp.ini file to make a random or irregular layout. We can be used uniform distributions to locate the nodes at random positions in a particular range.
Random Node Placement in omnetpp.ini
[General]
network = IrregularTopology
sim-time-limit = 100s # Simulation time limit
# Randomize the positions of nodes
*.node[0].mobility.typename = “StationaryMobility”
*.node[0].mobility.initialX = uniform(50, 550)
*.node[0].mobility.initialY = uniform(50, 550)
*.node[1].mobility.typename = “StationaryMobility”
*.node[1].mobility.initialX = uniform(50, 550)
*.node[1].mobility.initialY = uniform(50, 550)
*.node[2].mobility.typename = “StationaryMobility”
*.node[2].mobility.initialX = uniform(50, 550)
*.node[2].mobility.initialY = uniform(50, 550)
*.node[3].mobility.typename = “StationaryMobility”
*.node[3].mobility.initialX = uniform(50, 550)
*.node[3].mobility.initialY = uniform(50, 550)
*.node[4].mobility.typename = “StationaryMobility”
*.node[4].mobility.initialX = uniform(50, 550)
*.node[4].mobility.initialY = uniform(50, 550)
*.node[5].mobility.typename = “StationaryMobility”
*.node[5].mobility.initialX = uniform(50, 550)
*.node[5].mobility.initialY = uniform(50, 550)
In this configuration:
- Random Positions: The positions of the nodes are randomly allocated in a 600×600 grid utilizing uniform distributions.
- Stationary Nodes: The nodes are stationary in this instance, however we can also use mobility models if we require to replicate movement.
- Add Routing and Traffic in the Network
In an irregular topology, nodes frequently based on ad-hoc routing protocols like AODV (Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) or DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) to find routes and forward packets. We can allow one of these protocols to manage the communication among the irregularly connected nodes.
Configure AODV Routing in omnetpp.ini
# Enable AODV routing for all nodes
*.node[*].hasTcp = false
*.node[*].hasUdp = true
*.node[*].hasIpv4 = true
*.node[*].routingProtocols = “^Aodv”
# Traffic generation (optional)
*.node[0].app[0].typename = “UdpBasicApp”
*.node[0].app[0].destAddresses = “node[5]” # Node 0 sends data to node 5
*.node[0].app[0].messageLength = 1024B
*.node[0].app[0].sendInterval = exponential(1s) # Exponentially distributed traffic
*.node[5].app[0].typename = “UdpSink” # Node 5 acts as the receiver
In this configuration:
- AODV Routing: All nodes will be used the AODV routing protocol to find the paths and forward data.
- Traffic Generation: Node 0 transmits UDP traffic to Node 5 at random intervals, replicating communication in the irregular network.
- Run the Simulation
When we run the simulation, OMNeT++ will:
- Randomly locate the nodes according to the configured mobility model.
- Use AODV to dynamically find routes among the nodes.
- Transmit traffic among the nodes that will follow the irregular topology.
- Visualize and Analyze
We can envision the irregular topology and investigate numerous parameters:
- Traffic Flow: Observe how packets are routed across the irregular network.
- Routing Efficiency: Assess how successfully the AODV protocol adjusts to the irregular connections and routes packets.
- Performance Metrics: Estimate throughput, latency, and packet delivery ratio in the irregular topology.
- Enhance the Simulation
- Dynamic Node Mobility
We can be mimicked node mobility to make an even more dynamic and irregular topology. Utilize mobility models such as RandomWaypointMobility or LinearMobility.
*.node[*].mobility.typename = “RandomWaypointMobility”
*.node[*].mobility.speed = uniform(1mps, 5mps) # Random speed between 1 and 5 meters per second
- Failure and Recovery
We can replicate node failures by disabling specific nodes in the course of the simulation to monitor how the irregular topology adjusts.
# Disable node 3 after 50 seconds to simulate a failure
*.node[3].disabled = true
- Energy Consumption (for Wireless Networks)
In wireless sensor networks or IoT applications, energy consumption is vital. We can be replicated energy consumption for each node and investigate how the irregular topology influences the overall network’s energy efficiency.
*.node[*].energyStorage.capacity = 10000J # Each node has 10,000 Joules of energy
*.node[*].energyConsumer.energyConsumption = 0.1J/s # Simulate energy consumption
- Add More Traffic Sources
We can replicate numerous traffic flows among distinct nodes to monitor how the irregular topology manages network congestion.
*.node[1].app[0].typename = “UdpBasicApp”
*.node[1].app[0].destAddresses = “node[4]” # Node 1 sends data to node 4
*.node[1].app[0].messageLength = 512B
*.node[1].app[0].sendInterval = uniform(0.5s, 2s) # Random traffic intervals
*.node[4].app[0].typename = “UdpSink” # Node 4 receives the data
Here, we shown the essential informations and stepwise procedure that useful on how to understand and simulate the Irregular Topology projects using the OMNeT++ analysis environment. If you require further insights, we will provide.
