To simulate ISP protocols within NS2, which has stepwise method encompasses replicating scenarios that reflect the behaviour of Internet Service Providers (ISPs). ISP protocols normally include routing, traffic management, quality of service (QoS), load balancing, or inter-domain communication utilizing protocols like BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), or MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching).
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We follow the below steps on how to simulate ISP protocol projects using NS2:
Steps to Simulate ISP Protocols Projects in NS2
- Install NS2
Make sure that NS2 is installed on the machine. We can download it from the NS2 official website.
- Choose an ISP Protocol to Simulate
ISP-related protocols generally contain:
- BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) for inter-domain routing.
- OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) for intra-domain routing within ISPs.
- MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) for traffic engineering and efficient routing.
For this instance, we will configure a simulation of BGP as an ISP-level routing protocol. If we require to replicate other protocols such as OSPF or MPLS, the steps are same, however we will require to set up them consequently.
- Set Up an ISP Network Topology
ISPs generally handle several autonomous systems (AS) are connected to each other. We can mimic a network of routers, which belong to distinct ASes and communicate through BGP to ascertain routes through the network.
Example TCL Script for an ISP Network Using BGP:
# Create a new simulator instance
set ns [new Simulator]
# Define trace and nam files for logging and visualization
set tracefile [open isp_simulation.tr w]
$ns trace-all $tracefile
set namfile [open isp_simulation.nam w]
$ns namtrace-all $namfile
# Create nodes representing routers in different Autonomous Systems (ASes)
set r1 [$ns node] ;# Router in AS1
set r2 [$ns node] ;# Router in AS2
set r3 [$ns node] ;# Router in AS3
set r4 [$ns node] ;# Router in AS3
# Set up duplex links between the routers
$ns duplex-link $r1 $r2 100Mb 20ms DropTail ;# BGP link between AS1 and AS2
$ns duplex-link $r2 $r3 100Mb 20ms DropTail ;# BGP link between AS2 and AS3
$ns duplex-link $r3 $r4 100Mb 10ms DropTail ;# Internal link within AS3
# Configure BGP routing
$ns rtproto BGP
# Set up node positions (optional)
$r1 set X_ 50; $r1 set Y_ 50; $r1 set Z_ 0.0
$r2 set X_ 150; $r2 set Y_ 100; $r2 set Z_ 0.0
$r3 set X_ 300; $r3 set Y_ 150; $r3 set Z_ 0.0
$r4 set X_ 400; $r4 set Y_ 200; $r4 set Z_ 0.0
In this network topology:
- r1 and r2 belong to distinct ISPs (AS1 and AS2).
- r2, r3, and r4 are routers, which be in AS3, with internal routing managed in AS3.
- Simulate BGP Behavior for ISP Communication
In a BGP-based ISP simulation, routers exchange routing data among distinct ASes. We can be mimicked it by transmitting traffic among the nodes within distinct ASes and monitoring how BGP establishes routes.
Example of BGP Traffic Setup:
# Set up TCP traffic between r1 in AS1 and r4 in AS3
set tcp0 [new Agent/TCP]
set sink0 [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $r1 $tcp0
$ns attach-agent $r4 $sink0
$ns connect $tcp0 $sink0
# Create FTP traffic over TCP
set ftp0 [new Application/FTP]
$ftp0 attach-agent $tcp0
$ns at 2.0 “$ftp0 start”
$ns at 10.0 “$ftp0 stop”
Here, the BGP protocol make certain that the correct routes are established among the routers r1 and r4 that be in distinct ISPs (ASes).
- Run the Simulation
When the simulation script is finish then we save it (e.g., isp_simulation.tcl) and run the simulation using NS2:
ns isp_simulation.tcl
It will make trace (.tr) and NAM (.nam) files, which we can envision utilizing Network Animator (NAM).
- Analyze the Simulation Results
To estimate the performance of the ISP protocols, we can assess:
- Route Convergence Time: Time taken for the routes among ASes to be established and stabilized.
- Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR): The percentage of packets effectively delivered among ISPs.
- Routing Overhead: The amount of control messages exchanged among the routers to conserve BGP routing tables.
Example AWK Script for Packet Delivery Ratio:
BEGIN { sent = 0; received = 0; }
{
if ($1 == “s” && $4 == “AGT”) { sent++; }
if ($1 == “r” && $4 == “AGT”) { received++; }
}
END { print “Packet Delivery Ratio = “, received/sent*100, “%”; }
This script will compute the packet delivery ratio according to the amount of packets transmitted and received during the simulation.
- Example Project Ideas for ISP Protocol Simulation
- Performance Analysis of BGP in ISP Networks:
- Replicate BGP across numerous ISPs and examine route convergence time, packet delivery ratio, and network load under distinct traffic scenarios.
- Traffic Engineering Using MPLS in ISP Networks:
- Mimic MPLS for efficient traffic routing through ISP networks, enhancing traffic flows and minimizing congestion.
- Comparison Between OSPF and BGP in ISP Networks:
- Model both OSPF and BGP in an ISP and investigate their performance such as route convergence and packet loss.
- QoS Management in ISP Networks:
- Execute QoS (Quality of Service) protocols in an ISP network and examine how distinct traffic classes are prioritized.
- Multihomed ISP with BGP:
- Replicate an ISP network in which an ISP is associated to several upstream providers and investigate the routing behaviour using BGP.
The simulation process and some sample projects ideas was shown using the NS2 tool to simulate and analyse the ISP protocols projects in detail. Further insights and data can be provided related to this protocol, if required.
