To simulate Masquerade Attack in ns2 has needs to follow numerous steps and it happens when an attacker implement a legitimate user or system to gain unauthorized access or transmit the malevolent traffic since it looking to be a trusted entity. In NS2, we can replicate a Masquerade Attack by generating a scenario in which the attacker transmit packets with spoofed source IP addresses or other classifying information, act as if to be a legitimate node.
Here is an approach on how to simulate the Masquerade Attack in ns2
Steps to Simulate Masquerade Attack Projects in NS2
Step 1: Understand the Masquerade Attack
In a Masquerade Attack, the attacker forges their identity by:
- IP Spoofing: The attacker transmits packets with the source IP address of a legitimate node.
- Impersonation: The attacker playacts to be a legitimate node to right to use constrained resources or services.
- Bypassing Firewalls: The attacker can utilize a spoofed IP address to side-step firewall protocols.
Step 2: Design the Network Topology
We will describe a network in which:
- Legitimate Client Node: This node transmits normal traffic.
- Attacker Node: This node transmits packets pretending to be the legitimate client (spoofing the client’s IP address).
- Target Server Node: This node gets traffic from both the legitimate client and the attacker, possibly incapable to differentiate among them because of the masquerade.
Step 3: Create an NS2 TCL Script for Simulating the Masquerade Attack
Below is an instance NS2 TCL script that replicated a Masquerade Attack in which an attacker implements a legitimate client by spoofing the client’s IP address.
Example: Masquerade Attack Simulation in NS2
# Create a new NS2 simulator object
set ns [new Simulator]
# Define the network topology with 3 nodes
set client [$ns node] ;# Legitimate Client
set attacker [$ns node] ;# Attacker masquerading as the client
set server [$ns node] ;# Target server
# Create duplex links between the nodes (with 1Mb bandwidth, 10ms delay)
$ns duplex-link $client $server 1Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $attacker $server 1Mb 10ms DropTail
# Enable queue tracing between client, attacker, and server
$ns trace-queue $client $server “masquerade_attack.tr”
$ns trace-queue $attacker $server “masquerade_attack.tr”
# Define UDP agents for client and attacker traffic
set udp_client [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $client $udp_client
set udp_attacker [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $attacker $udp_attacker
# Define a UDP sink (Null agent) at the server to receive traffic
set sink [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $server $sink
# Connect both legitimate client and attacker to the server
$ns connect $udp_client $sink
$ns connect $udp_attacker $sink
# Define CBR (Constant Bit Rate) traffic for legitimate client
set cbr_client [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr_client set packetSize_ 512
$cbr_client set interval_ 0.1 ;# 10 packets per second (normal traffic)
$cbr_client attach-agent $udp_client
# Start normal client traffic at 1.0 seconds
$ns at 1.0 “$cbr_client start”
puts “Client starts sending legitimate traffic at 1.0 seconds.”
# Define the masquerade attack behavior
proc masquerade_attack {attacker server} {
global ns
puts “Attacker starts masquerading as client at 2.0 seconds.”
# Simulate the masquerade attack by sending spoofed traffic
# In this case, the attacker sends traffic pretending to be the client
set cbr_attack [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr_attack set packetSize_ 512 ;# Same packet size as the client
$cbr_attack set interval_ 0.1 ;# Same rate as the client traffic
$cbr_attack attach-agent $attacker
# Start sending spoofed traffic from the attacker
$ns at 2.0 “$cbr_attack start”
}
# Schedule the masquerade attack at 2.0 seconds
$ns at 2.0 “masquerade_attack \$udp_attacker \$sink”
# Stop all traffic after 10 seconds
$ns at 10.0 “$cbr_client stop”
$ns at 10.0 “$udp_attacker reset”
# Trace file for recording the simulation events
set tracefile [open “masquerade_attack.tr” w]
$ns trace-all $tracefile
# NAM file for network animation
set namfile [open “masquerade_attack.nam” w]
$ns namtrace-all $namfile
# Define the finish procedure
proc finish {} {
global ns tracefile namfile
$ns flush-trace
close $tracefile
close $namfile
exec nam masquerade_attack.nam &
exit 0
}
# Finish the simulation after 12 seconds
$ns at 12.0 “finish”
# Run the simulation
$ns run
Step 4: Explanation of the Script
- Network Setup:
- Three nodes are generated: a client sending legitimate traffic, an attacker makes believe to be the client (masquerading), and a server getting both legitimate and spoofed traffic.
- Duplex links are generated among the nodes with 1Mb bandwidth and 10ms delay.
- Legitimate Traffic:
- The client transmits UDP traffic using CBR (Constant Bit Rate) with a packet size of 512 bytes and a rate of 10 packets per second.
- The traffic initiates at 1.0 seconds and is transmit to the server.
- Masquerade Attack Traffic:
- The attacker transmits spoofed traffic which makes up to be from the client. In this replication, the attacker’s traffic has the same packet size and rate as the appropriate client to implement its behaviour.
- The attack initiates at 2.0 seconds and endures until the termination of the replication.
- Tracing and Visualization:
- A trace file (masquerade_attack.tr) is created to log the packet-level events.
- A NAM file (masquerade_attack.nam) is generated to envision the network behaviour using NAM.
Step 5: Run the Simulation
- Save the script as masquerade_attack.tcl.
- Execute the script in NS2:
ns masquerade_attack.tcl
This will create two files:
- masquerade_attack.tr: A trace files which logs packet-level information.
- masquerade_attack.nam: A NAM file for envisioning the attack in NAM.
Step 6: Visualize the Simulation Using NAM
To envision the masquerade attack simulation in NAM:
nam masquerade_attack.nam
In NAM, we will monitor:
- The client transmits legitimate traffic to the server.
- The attacker initiates to transmit spoofed traffic at 2.0 seconds, concealed as the legitimate client.
Step 7: Analyse the Trace File
The trace file (masquerade_attack.tr) encompasses detailed information about the following:
- Packet transmissions: Monitor traffic from both the legitimate client and the attacker.
- Masqueraded traffic: Measure on how the attacker transmits traffic that acts similar to the legitimate client.
We can utilize AWK, Python, or custom scripts to evaluate the trace file and extract related parameters like:
- Packet delivery ratio (PDR) for legitimate and spoofed traffic.
- Network congestion or packet loss triggered by the attack.
Step 8: Enhance the Simulation
Here are some ways to prolong or improve the simulation:
- Simulate IP Spoofing: incorporate a mechanism to mimic IP spoofing by adjusting the source IP address of the attacker’s packets to fits that the legitimate client.
- Introduce Security Mechanisms: Insert firewalls, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), or access control mechanisms to identify and block pretend to be traffic.
- Simulate Multiple Clients and Attackers: Incorporate more clients and attackers to replicate a larger network with more complex traffic patterns.
- Measure Performance Impact: Measure on how the attack impact network performance based on throughput, latency, and packet loss.
This project idea explores various aspects of Masquerade Attack performance and the detailed installation procedures to simulate the Masquerade Attack in ns2 tool. If you’d like more details on any specific project, feel free to ask!
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