To simulate Named Data Networking (NDN) projects in MATLAB have includes designing the network in which the information is requested by name, not by host location (IP address). In NDN, content-centric networking ethics are shadowed, in which the data packets are transmitted according to the content name, and in-network caching is utilized to enhance data retrieval.
Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to simulate NDN projects using MATLAB:
Step-by-Step Guide to Simulate Named Data Networking (NDN) in MATLAB
- Understand the Components of NDN
Named Data Networking has the following core key elements:
- Content Name: Each piece of content is addressed by its distinctive name.
- Interest Packets: Showed by a node to request certain content by name.
- Data Packets: Transmit the content and are sent in response to interest packets.
- Forwarding Information Base (FIB): A table utilized for routing interest packets in the direction of potential data sources.
- Pending Interest Table (PIT): Monitor the interests which have been forwarded however it is not yet fulfilled.
- Content Store (CS): A cache at every node which stores in recent times that recovered information for future requests.
- Define Network Topology
Initiate by describing the network topology, that consists of nodes (routers, consumers, producers) associated by links.
Example: Describe a simple network with 4 nodes (1 consumer, 2 routers, and 1 producer).
numNodes = 4;
G = graph();
G = addnode(G, numNodes);
% Connect nodes (e.g., Node 1: Consumer, Node 2 & 3: Routers, Node 4: Producer)
G = addedge(G, 1, 2);
G = addedge(G, 2, 3);
G = addedge(G, 3, 4);
% Visualize the network topology
plot(G);
title(‘NDN Network Topology’);
xlabel(‘Nodes’);
- Define Interest and Data Packets
Interest and data packets are the simple communication units in NDN. Each interest packet transmits the name of the requested content, and data packets transfer the requested content.
Example: Describe the structure of interest and data packets.
interestPacket = struct(‘name’, ‘content_1’, ‘source’, 1); % Interest from Node 1 for ‘content_1’
dataPacket = struct(‘name’, ‘content_1’, ‘source’, 4, ‘data’, ‘This is content 1’); % Data from Node 4
- Simulate Interest Propagation
Interest packets are sending according to the content name. The routers consider the Pending Interest Table (PIT) and Forwarding Information Base (FIB) to control on how to send the interest.
Example: Simulate interest packet forwarding.
% Define the Forwarding Information Base (FIB) for each node
FIB = cell(numNodes, 1);
FIB{2} = [3]; % Router 2 forwards interests for ‘content_1’ to Router 3
FIB{3} = [4]; % Router 3 forwards interests for ‘content_1’ to Producer (Node 4)
% Initialize the Pending Interest Table (PIT)
PIT = cell(numNodes, 1);
% Simulate interest packet propagation
currentNode = interestPacket.source;
while currentNode ~= 4 % Continue until we reach the producer (Node 4)
% Check FIB for the next hop based on the content name
nextHop = FIB{currentNode}(1); % Forward to the first entry in FIB
PIT{nextHop} = [PIT{nextHop}; interestPacket]; % Add interest to PIT of the next hop
currentNode = nextHop; % Move to the next node
disp([‘Interest forwarded to Node ‘, num2str(currentNode)]);
end
- Simulate Data Packet Propagation
When the producer obtains an interest, it creates a data packet. The data packet is then transmitting back to the consumer, after the reverse path of the interest packet (followed by using the PIT).
Example: Simulate data packet forwarding.
% Initialize a Content Store (CS) for each node to cache content
CS = cell(numNodes, 1);
% Start at the producer (Node 4) and follow the reverse path of the interest
currentNode = dataPacket.source;
while currentNode ~= interestPacket.source % Continue until we reach the consumer (Node 1)
% Check the PIT to forward the data packet
if ~isempty(PIT{currentNode})
previousHop = PIT{currentNode}(1).source; % Get the previous hop from the PIT
CS{currentNode} = [CS{currentNode}; dataPacket]; % Cache the data packet in CS
disp([‘Data cached at Node ‘, num2str(currentNode)]);
currentNode = previousHop; % Move to the previous hop (towards the consumer)
disp([‘Data forwarded to Node ‘, num2str(currentNode)]);
end
end
% Data packet arrives at the consumer (Node 1)
disp(‘Data received by the consumer (Node 1).’);
- In-Network Caching (Content Store)
All nodes can cache data packets in its Content Store (CS). While an interest packet is received, the node begins to validate its CS to see if the requested content is already cached. If the content is established, the data packet is reverted without sending the interest further.
Example: Implement content caching and retrieval from CS.
% Check if the content is already cached at the router (before forwarding the interest)
currentNode = interestPacket.source;
isCached = false;
while currentNode ~= 4 && ~isCached
% Check if the requested content is in the Content Store (CS)
cachedContent = find(strcmp({CS{currentNode}.name}, interestPacket.name));
if ~isempty(cachedContent)
disp([‘Content found in cache at Node ‘, num2str(currentNode)]);
isCached = true;
% Simulate returning the cached data to the consumer
while currentNode ~= interestPacket.source
previousHop = PIT{currentNode}(1).source;
disp([‘Returning cached content to Node ‘, num2str(previousHop)]);
currentNode = previousHop;
end
else
% Forward the interest as usual if content is not cached
nextHop = FIB{currentNode}(1);
PIT{nextHop} = [PIT{nextHop}; interestPacket];
disp([‘Interest forwarded to Node ‘, num2str(nextHop)]);
currentNode = nextHop;
end
end
- Performance Evaluation
Measure the performance of the NDN simulation according to parameters such as:
- Cache hit ratio: The ratio of requests fulfilled by the content store (cached data).
- Interest Satisfaction Time: The time it takes to fulfil an interest from the time it is forward until the data is received.
- Network Load: The amount of interest and data packets transmits via the network.
Example: Calculate the cache hit ratio.
totalRequests = 100; % Total number of content requests
cacheHits = 20; % Number of requests satisfied by the cache
cacheHitRatio = (cacheHits / totalRequests) * 100;
disp([‘Cache Hit Ratio: ‘, num2str(cacheHitRatio), ‘%’]);
- Advanced Features
For more cutting-edge NDN simulations, we can implement:
- Routing Strategies: Apply different NDN routing approaches like adaptive forwarding or multipath forwarding.
- Cache Replacement Policies: To design different caching policies such as Least Recently Used (LRU), Least Frequently Used (LFU).
- Security Features: Execute data packet signing and validation to protect NDN communications.
- Scalability: Mimic large-scale NDN networks with dynamic content generation and changing traffic patterns.
Example: Implementing Least Recently Used (LRU) Cache Policy
maxCacheSize = 5; % Maximum size of the Content Store
% Implement LRU cache replacement policy
if length(CS{currentNode}) >= maxCacheSize
CS{currentNode}(1) = []; % Remove the least recently used content (first entry)
end
CS{currentNode} = [CS{currentNode}; dataPacket]; % Add the new content to the cache
disp([‘Content cached at Node ‘, num2str(currentNode), ‘ using LRU policy’]);
Through this process, you can completely acquire the concepts and the connection of routers, consumers, producers which are essential to accomplish the Named Data Networking simulation process with the help of MATLAB. If required, we will present any details regarding these networks or MATLAB simulation process. Named Data Networking Projects utilizing MATLAB simulation can present challenges. Nevertheless, you can count on phdprime.com to address all your unique requirements through our tailored services. Our expert team is here to assist you throughout your project, focusing on the transmission of data packets based on content names and in-network caching.
