To simulate the ODMRP (On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol) using NS2, we require to set up the multicast routing environment that allow ODMRP routing functionalities, and replicate network traffic including multicast groups. ODMRP is a mesh-based multicast routing protocol created for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), which uses on-demand mechanisms to build multicast groups and deliver packets.
Below is a detailed step-by-step strategies on how to simulate an ODMRP protocol project using NS2:
Steps to Simulate ODMRP Protocol Projects in NS2
- Set up NS2
Make sure we have a working installation of NS2. ODMRP is already contained in NS2 under the multicast routing protocols, thus no more installation of the protocol is needed.
- Overview of ODMRP
On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol is a mesh-based protocol, which dynamically builds multicast forwarding groups. It utilizes a “join query” and “join reply” mechanism to launch multicast routes on demand. Multicast members transmit join queries to recruit other members, and intermediate nodes are join the forwarding group.
- TCL Script Structure for ODMRP Simulation
We will write a TCL script to replicate the network. The script should contain:
- Network topology definition
- Node movement (if it’s a mobile scenario)
- Multicast group creation and traffic generation
- ODMRP routing configuration
- TCL Script for Simulating ODMRP in NS2
Here’s an instance TCL script, which configures a simple multicast network with ODMRP.
Example TCL Script for ODMRP Simulation
# Create a simulator instance
set ns [new Simulator -multicast on]
# Open trace and NAM files for visualization
set tracefile [open odmrp.tr w]
set namfile [open odmrp.nam w]
$ns trace-all $tracefile
$ns namtrace-all-wireless $namfile 500 500
# Define the topology for wireless communication
set topo [new Topography]
$topo load_flatgrid 500 500
# Define the channel and radio propagation model
set chan_1_ [new Channel/WirelessChannel]
set prop [new Propagation/TwoRayGround]
set netif [new Phy/WirelessPhy]
set mac [new Mac/802_11]
set ll [new LL]
set ifq [new Queue/DropTail/PriQueue]
set antenna [new Antenna/OmniAntenna]
set agt [new Agent/Null]
set god_ [new God]
# Define the number of nodes and their initial configuration
set num_nodes 10
$ns node-config -adhocRouting ODMRP \
-llType $ll \
-macType $mac \
-ifqType $ifq \
-ifqLen 50 \
-antType $antenna \
-propType $prop \
-phyType $netif \
-channel $chan_1_ \
-topoInstance $topo \
-agentTrace ON \
-routerTrace ON \
-macTrace ON \
-movementTrace OFF
# Create nodes
for {set i 0} {$i < $num_nodes} {incr i} {
set node($i) [$ns node]
$node($i) random-motion 0 ;# Disable random motion for static nodes
}
# Set node positions
$node(0) set X_ 50.0
$node(0) set Y_ 50.0
$node(0) set Z_ 0.0
$node(1) set X_ 100.0
$node(1) set Y_ 100.0
$node(1) set Z_ 0.0
$node(2) set X_ 200.0
$node(2) set Y_ 200.0
$node(2) set Z_ 0.0
# More nodes …
# Define multicast group
set mgroup [Node allocaddr]
# Create UDP agent to send multicast traffic
for {set i 0} {$i < $num_nodes} {incr i} {
set udp($i) [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $node($i) $udp($i)
}
# Set CBR (Constant Bit Rate) traffic generator for multicast sender (node 0)
set cbr [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$cbr set packetSize_ 512
$cbr set rate_ 1Mb
$cbr attach-agent $udp(0)
$ns at 1.0 “$cbr start”
# Create the multicast sender and receiver group using ODMRP
for {set i 0} {$i < $num_nodes} {incr i} {
$ns at 0.5 “$node($i) join-group $udp($i) $mgroup”
}
# Schedule simulation end
$ns at 10.0 “$cbr stop”
$ns at 15.0 “finish”
# Define the finish procedure
proc finish {} {
global ns tracefile namfile
$ns flush-trace
close $tracefile
close $namfile
exec nam odmrp.nam &
exit 0
}
# Run the simulation
$ns run
- Explanation of the Script
- Simulator Creation: The simulator is made with multicast support allowed (-multicast on).
- Trace Files: The script makes .tr (trace) and .nam (NAM visualization) files to record simulation outcomes.
- Node Configuration: node-config is set to use ODMRP as the multicast routing protocol.
- Node Creation: 10 nodes are made in a wireless network. The positions of the nodes are statically described, however we can insert mobility by utilizing random motion or movement models.
- Multicast Group: A multicast group is described, and each node attacks the group using $node($i) join-group.
- Traffic Generation: Constant Bit Rate (CBR) traffic is created by node 0 that performs as the multicast sender.
- Finish Procedure: After the simulation stops then the trace and NAM files are closed, and NAM is automatically introduced to envision the simulation.
- Running the Simulation
We can save the above TCL script (e.g., odmrp_simulation.tcl), and then run it using the below command:
ns odmrp_simulation.tcl
- Analyzing the Results
- NAM Visualization: We can envision the multicast transmission in NAM (Network Animator) by opening the generated .nam file:
nam odmrp.nam
NAM will indicate the multicast packets being forwarded among the nodes according to ODMRP’s mesh-based routing.
- Trace Files: Examine the .tr trace file to extract parameters such as:
- Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR): The ratio of packets delivered to the total number of packets transmitted.
- Average Delay: Time taken for packets to attain their destinations.
- Routing Overhead: Total amount of routing messages (join queries, replies) sent in the course of the simulation.
- Optional Enhancements
- Node Mobility: We can change the script to encompass node mobility using the random waypoint mobility model or any other predefined model to replicate realistic scenarios.
Example:
$ns at 1.0 “$node(0) setdest 250 300 10”
- Adjust Parameters: Alter simulation metrics such as:
- Number of nodes
- Transmission range
- Packet size
- Traffic generation rates
- Performance Analysis: Utilise AWK or Python scripts to process the trace file and extract performance parameters such as throughput, end-to-end delay, and packet loss.
- Advanced ODMRP Features
To simulate advanced aspects of ODMRP, like:
- Multicast Group Dynamics: Nodes dynamically join and exit multicast groups.
- Mobility Impact: Focus on how ODMRP executes in high-mobility scenarios and relate it with other multicast routing protocols.
- Energy Efficiency: Investigate ODMRP’s efficiency such as node energy consumption for the period of multicast transmission.
As explained above, brief simulation method with example coding for ODMRP Protocol projects using NS2 simulation platform that were simulated and examined. Depending on your requirements, we are furnished to share more details relevant to this topic.
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