To simulate on-demand routing protocols projects using OPNET (Riverbed Modeler) has usually includes setting up a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) with reactive protocols that launch routes only when they are required. General on-demand protocols encompass AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) and DSR (Dynamic Source Routing), both of which are broadly utilized within dynamic environments in which network topology often modifies. Here’s a basic procedures on how to simulate and configure on-demand routing protocols in OPNET:
Steps to Simulate On-demand Protocol Projects in OPNET
- Define Project Objectives and Scope
- Determine simulation goals: Normal objectives comprise assessing route discovery and maintenance efficiency, learning the influence of mobility on protocol performance, comparing AODV with DSR, and computing scalability.
- Set performance metrics: Crucial parameters contain packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, route discovery time, routing overhead, and protocol scalability.
- Create a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) Topology
- Design the network layout: Configure a network with mobile nodes (e.g., laptops, smartphones) that can interact with close nodes to form a MANET using OPNET’s graphical interface.
- Define mobility models: Set up node movement utilizing mobility models (e.g., Random Waypoint, Gauss-Markov) to make a dynamic topology in which nodes travel often, experimenting the protocols’ adaptability.
- Enable and Configure On-Demand Protocols
- Select the on-demand protocol:
- Select AODV, DSR, or both, according to the objectives. Each contains unique methods to route discovery and maintenance:
- AODV: Employs route requests (RREQ) and route replies (RREP) for on-demand route discovery, and sustains a route table at each node.
- DSR: Utilizes source routing in which the whole path to the destination is comprised within the packet header, and sustains a route cache at each node.
- Select AODV, DSR, or both, according to the objectives. Each contains unique methods to route discovery and maintenance:
- Configure Protocol Parameters:
- For AODV:
- Route Discovery Parameters: Set TTL for RREQs and the maximum amount of reattempts.
- Route Timeout: Describe active route timeouts to manage how long an unexploited route remains valid within the routing table.
- Route Maintenance: Allow route error (RERR) messages for route break notifications.
- For DSR:
- Route Caching: Set up cache settings to enable the nodes to store routes for future use, which minimizing the requirement for repeated route discoveries.
- Route Maintenance: Set metrics for route error (RERR) messages to manage the link breakages successfully.
- For AODV:
- Simulate Application Traffic
- Generate TCP or UDP-based application traffic: Make numerous kinds of data flows such as HTTP, FTP, and VoIP over the network using OPNET’s traffic generator.
- Define source-destination pairs: Configure data flows amongst nodes over several hops to estimate how the on-demand protocol finds and sustains routes.
- Monitor Protocol Behavior and Route Discovery Process
- Track route discovery:
- For AODV, monitor RREQ and RREP messages as nodes find routes to its destinations. Observe the route discovery time to evaluate the protocol efficiency.
- For DSR, monitor utilizes of source routing and the role of route caching within earlier reusing discovered paths.
- Observe route maintenance:
- Observe route error (RERR) messages within both protocols to know how they manage the broken links and find new paths.
- Routing Table and Route Cache Updates:
- For AODV, monitor routing table updates as routes are inserted and eliminated. For DSR, observe the cache to monitor how successfully routes are used again.
- Simulate Network Events and Observe Protocol Response
- Node Mobility:
- Maximizes node movement to mimic frequent topology changes. Monitor how each protocol adjusts by updating routes, noticing the efficiency and latency of the route discoveries.
- Link and Node Failures:
- Mimic link or node failures by temporarily inactivating particular nodes or links. Observe how rapidly the protocols find the alternate paths and continue data delivery.
- Network Scaling:
- Maximize the amount of nodes within the network to experiment scalability. Estimate the routing overhead and latency, especially for performance of protocol in larger networks.
- Collect and Analyze Performance Metrics
- Packet Delivery Ratio: Calculate the percentage of data packets effectively delivered, which showing the reliability of the protocol.
- End-to-End Delay: Monitor the time it takes for packets to move from source to destination, which accounting for delays within route discovery.
- Route Discovery Time: Calculate the duration for a node to find a route to a destination upon introducing interaction.
- Routing Overhead: Compute the bandwidth used by control messages such as RREQ, RREP, and RERR relate to data packets that indicating protocol efficiency.
- Scalability: Monitor how the protocols execute as network size increases, observing any modifications in performance parameters.
- Optimize Protocol Parameters and Experiment with Configurations (Optional)
- Adjust Route Discovery Settings:
- For AODV, test with route timeout and retry settings to balance amongst faster route discovery and overhead.
- For DSR, modify route cache metrics to enhance the reuse and avoid staleness.
- Test Different Node Densities:
- Be different the node density to estimate the protocol performance in both sparse and dense networks.
- Experiment with Traffic Patterns:
- Maximize the amount of simultaneous data flows to learn how successfully the protocols handle network congestion and route discovery under heavy load.
- Generate Reports and Document Findings
- Create Visualizations: Make graphs and charts that indicating parameters like packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, route discovery time, and routing overhead utilizing OPNET’s data analysis tools.
- Summarize Observations: Record the performance of protocol, strengths, and weaknesses, particularly observing how they adjust to high mobility, scalability, and dynamic changes within network topology.
We clearly shown the simulation approaches on how simulate the On Demand Protocol Projects in the OPNET tool and also we offered the complete explanation to understand the concept of the simulation. We plan to share the more details regarding this topic in upcoming manual.
We provide a variety of customized On Demand Protocol project topics that match your interests. If you’re looking for reliable assistance with your On Demand Protocol projects or need help obtaining your simulation results, please feel free to reach out! Our developers are ready to work on AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) and DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) according to your research requirements.
