To simulate PEGASIS (Power-Efficient GAthering in Sensor Information System) protocol projects using OPNET (Riverbed Modeler) has encompasses setting up a wireless sensor network (WSN) in which nodes are interact utilizing a chain-based hierarchical structure. PEGASIS is an energy-efficient protocol created for WSNs in which nodes form chains and send information to a designated leader that transmits the information to the base station. It reduces energy consumption by minimizing direct transmissions to the base station. Following is a stepwise approach for replicating PEGASIS in OPNET:
- Define Project Objectives and Scope
- Determine simulation goals: Objectives could comprise examining PEGASIS’s energy efficiency, estimating end-to-end delay, analysing network scalability, and comparing PEGASIS with other WSN protocols such as LEACH.
- Define performance metrics: Crucial parameters contain energy consumption, end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, network lifetime, and protocol scalability.
- Create a Wireless Sensor Network Topology
- Set up the network layout: Make a network of sensor nodes are delivered over a described area with a single base station (sink node) using OPNET’s graphical interface.
- Define node positions: Location nodes to denote a WSN, with sensor nodes arbitrarily distributed or in a grid arrangement, and the base station positioned at the center or edge of the network.
- Implement PEGASIS Protocol Logic
- Chain Formation:
- Execute the PEGASIS chain formation algorithm in which each node associates to their nearby neighbor that forming a chain, which eventually leads to the base station. PEGASIS needs which nodes form this chain within each round that can be challenging in OPNET as it possibly will not directly support PEGASIS.
- Replicate the chain formation and make certain that each node sends information to their neighbor in the chain using custom node process models or scripting within OPNET.
- Leader Selection:
- Revolve the leader node within each round. The leader is in charge for combining information from every other node in the chain and sending it to the base station.
- Execute the leader selection according to node ID, residual energy, or a round-robin method to balance energy consumption over the network.
- Data Aggregation:
- Set up each node within the chain to execute the data aggregation before passing information to the next node within the chain. It minimizes the data size and saves energy.
- Simulate Data Transmission
- Generate sensor data: Make sensor information at regular intervals from each node to the leader node utilizing OPNET’s traffic generator or custom event generation.
- Define data forwarding rules:
- Make certain that data flows from each node to the next node within the chain, including the leader node sending the combined data to the base station.
- Monitor PEGASIS Protocol Behavior and Energy Consumption
- Track energy consumption:
- Compute the energy used by each node in the course of transmission and reception utilizing OPNET’s energy model (or customize one). PEGASIS targets to reduce energy consumption by minimizing direct transmissions to the base station that prolongs network lifetime.
- Observe data aggregation:
- Check that each node combines data before sending it, minimizing the amount of data, which the leader node sends to the base station.
- Leader Rotation:
- Observe the revolution of the leader node and make certain that each round includes a new leader to deliver energy usage evenly over the nodes.
- Simulate Network Events and Observe Protocol Response
- Node Failure:
- Mimic node failures by reason of energy depletion or other factors. Monitor how PEGASIS adjusts like re-forming the chain to avoid failed nodes.
- Increasing Network Load:
- Maximize the data rate or amount of nodes to experiment PEGASIS’s scalability. Observe how the chain structure adjusts and the effect on delay and energy consumption.
- Base Station Mobility (if applicable):
- If experimenting with a mobile base station then monitor how PEGASIS fine-tunes data forwarding and chain formation to adjust to the new base station location.
- Collect and Analyze Performance Metrics
- Energy Consumption: Estimate the total and per-node energy consumption, which especially concentrating on energy savings by reason of data aggregation and chain-based forwarding.
- Network Lifetime: Compute the time until the first, 50%, and last nodes exhaust its energy, which showing the protocol’s effect on network longevity.
- End-to-End Delay: Monitor the time it takes for data to attain the base station from the source node via the chain.
- Packet Delivery Ratio: Calculate the percentage of effectively delivered data packets to the base station making sure reliability.
- Routing Overhead: Observe any control messages or more overhead made by chain formation or leader selection.
- Optimize PEGASIS Parameters and Experiment with Different Configurations (Optional)
- Chain Length and Leader Selection: Test with diverse chain lengths and leader selection approaches to discover the ideal set up, which reduces energy consumption and delay.
- Node Density: Maximize the amount of nodes within the network to estimate the PEGASIS’s scalability, monitoring any influences on chain formation and network performance.
- Data Transmission Frequency: Change the frequency of data generation from each sensor node to estimate how PEGASIS handles the higher traffic loads and their impact on network lifetime.
- Generate Reports and Document Findings
- Visualization: Make graphs and charts that indicating parameters such as energy consumption, network lifetime, end-to-end delay, and packet delivery ratio utilizing OPNET’s data analysis tools.
- Summarize Observations: Record PEGASIS’s strengths and limitations, which especially concentrating on energy efficiency, scalability, and reliability under distinct network conditions.
Additional Considerations
- Comparison with Other Protocols: If possible then we compare PEGASIS with other WSN protocols such as LEACH to emphasise their benefits like energy efficiency and network lifetime.
- Energy Model Customization: For more exact energy measurements, deliberate the customizing OPNET’s energy model to mimic the energy consumption of diverse interaction states like transmits, receive, idle, and sleep.
In this simulation, we successfully learned to replicate the PEGASIS Protocol projects in OPNET environment and make sure to consider the provided procedure before simulating. If needed, we will offer additional details about it. We have a variety of customized PEGASIS Protocol project topics that match your interests perfectly. If you’re looking for reliable assistance with your PEGASIS Protocol projects or need help with your simulation results, feel free to reach out!
