To simulate Physical Layer projects using OMNeT++ usually includes operating with the lowest layer in the OSI model that manage the tasks like signal transmission, modulation, bit-level error detection, and medium access. Since OMNeT++ by itself concentrates on the network simulation framework, the INET or SimuLTE frameworks prolong it to simulate wireless and wired physical layers with detailed modelling of signal propagation, path loss, interference, and noise. Drop a message to phdprime.com all your project needs along with base and reference paper we grant you with detailed results.
Here’s how you can simulate Physical Layer projects using OMNeT++:
Steps to Simulate Physical Layer Projects in OMNeT++
- Install OMNeT++ and INET Framework
- Download and install OMNeT++.
- Download and install the INET framework from INET GitHub repository, that supports detailed physical layer modelling for both wired and wireless networks.
- For more specific wireless physical layer simulations such as LTE or 5G, we need to install SimuLTE or other relevant frameworks.
- Define the Physical Layer Parameters
The physical layer manages contexts such as:
- Modulation: The approached utilized to encode digital data onto an analogy signal.
- Transmission power: How much energy is used to transmit signals.
- Signal propagation: Including impacts such as path loss, fading, shadowing, and interference.
- Bit error rate (BER): Regulate the likelihood of errors in transmitted bits.
OMNeT++ and INET deliver simulation models for signal propagation, noise, and interference for both wireless and wired media.
- Set up a Wireless Network (NED File)
A typical physical layer simulation includes a wireless network with multiple nodes transmitting and receiving signals. Below is an instance NED file that configures a basic wireless network.
Example NED File for Wireless Simulation:
network PhysicalLayerNetwork {
submodules:
hostA: WirelessHost {
@display(“p=100,100”);
}
hostB: WirelessHost {
@display(“p=200,200”);
}
connections allowunconnected:
// No direct connection since communication happens wirelessly through the physical layer
}
- WirelessHost nodes signify devices that interact using a wireless channel, with their physical layers managing signal modulation, transmission, and reception.
- Configure Physical Layer in omnetpp.ini
In the omnetpp.ini file, we can configure the physical layer parameters that contain transmission power, modulation type, noise, and propagation models.
Example omnetpp.ini Configuration:
network = PhysicalLayerNetwork
sim-time-limit = 100s
# Define physical layer parameters for the wireless interface
**.hostA.wlan[0].radio.transmitter.power = 2mW
**.hostA.wlan[0].radio.receiver.sensitivity = -85dBm
**.hostA.wlan[0].radio.transmitter.carrierFrequency = 2.4GHz
**.hostA.wlan[0].radio.transmitter.bandwidth = 20MHz
# Define the physical layer for hostB similarly
**.hostB.wlan[0].radio.transmitter.power = 2mW
**.hostB.wlan[0].radio.receiver.sensitivity = -85dBm
# Path loss model for wireless signal propagation (e.g., Free Space Model)
**.hostA.wlan[0].radio.pathLoss.typename = “FreeSpacePathLoss”
**.hostA.wlan[0].radio.pathLoss.systemLoss = 1.0 # System loss factor
**.hostA.wlan[0].radio.pathLoss.alpha = 2.0 # Path loss exponent for free space
# Noise model
**.hostA.wlan[0].radio.noise.typename = “AdditiveWhiteGaussianNoise”
# Mobility for testing physical layer effects due to movement
**.hostA.mobility.typename = “INET.mobility.single.LinearMobility”
**.hostA.mobility.speed = 10mps
**.hostA.mobility.initialX = 50m
**.hostA.mobility.initialY = 50m
**.hostA.mobility.constraintAreaMinX = 0m
**.hostA.mobility.constraintAreaMaxX = 500m
**.hostA.mobility.constraintAreaMinY = 0m
**.hostA.mobility.constraintAreaMaxY = 500m
In this configuration:
- Transmission power and receiver sensitivity regulate the range and ability to identify signals.
- Carrier frequency and bandwidth are set for the wireless medium (e.g., 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi band).
- Path loss model (Free Space Path Loss) simulates signal degradation over distance.
- Noise model (AWGN) simulates interference.
- Mobility models enable nodes to move around the simulation area, impact signal strength and quality.
- Traffic Generation for Physical Layer Evaluation
To validate the physical layer, we can generate traffic among the hosts. This traffic will be routed over the physical layer, and we can track on how signal degradation, path loss, and noise affect communication.
Example Traffic Configuration:
# Generate UDP traffic from hostA to hostB
**.hostA.numApps = 1
**.hostA.app[0].typename = “UdpBasicApp”
**.hostA.app[0].destAddresses = “hostB”
**.hostA.app[0].sendInterval = 0.1s
**.hostA.app[0].messageLength = 1024B
# Set hostB as the UDP sink (receiver)
**.hostB.numApps = 1
**.hostB.app[0].typename = “UdpSink”
This set up will create UDP traffic from hostA to hostB. The transmission, propagation, and reception of these packets will relay on the physical layer parameters set earlier (transmission power, path loss, noise, etc.).
- Analyse the Simulation Results
After processing the simulation, OMNeT++ will deliver detailed statistics and visualization tools to measure how the physical layer impacts network performance. Key parameters to observe include:
- Packet Loss: Evaluate on how many packets fail to reach the destination because of signal degradation, path loss, or interference.
- Bit Error Rate (BER): Measure the ratio of incorrectly received bits over the total number of transmitted bits.
- Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR): Measure the ratio among the signal power and the noise power.
- End-to-End Delay: Evaluate the total time taken for packets to traverse the network that includes delays because of physical layer effects.
OMNeT++’s vector plotting tools (e.g., plove) can envision these outcomes for further evaluation.
- Extend or Customize the Physical Layer (Optional)
We can further customize physical layer simulation by:
- Changing the propagation model: Switch among different propagation models (such as Free Space, Two-Ray Ground, or Rayleigh Fading) to see how they impact signal transmission.
- Adding Interference: Replicate a congested wireless environment with multiple transmitters to learn interference effects.
- Testing Modulation Schemes: Measure different modulation schemes (such as BPSK, QPSK, or OFDM) by adapting the signal parameters and seeing how they affect transmission quality.
Example Projects for Physical Layer Simulation:
- Wireless Signal Propagation Analysis: Learn on how different signal propagation models impact packet delivery in a wireless network with moving nodes.
- Noise and Interference: Replicate a wireless network with multiple transmitters and measure how interference from other transmitters impact signal quality and network performance.
- Energy Consumption: Replicate the energy consumption of wireless devices by changing the transmission power and modulation schemes. This is particularly helpful for IoT networks or sensor networks.
- Path Loss and Mobility: Learn on how physical movement of nodes impacts signal strength and packet loss using diverse path loss models.
We offered the basic to advance essential information that helps you understand the core concepts on how to simulate and evaluate the Physical Layer projects using the tool of OMNeT++. More information regarding this process will be offered later.
