To simulate Smart City Networking projects using NS2 has includes generating a network that contain several smart city components like sensors, smart traffic systems, utility monitoring, smart lighting, and connected vehicles. A Smart City Network usually has multiple kinds of communication technologies, that have wireless, wired, and Internet of Things (IoT) networks.phdprime.com will be your trusted partner who provides you with novel project topics and simulation .
Here’s a detailed guide on how to simulate a Smart City Network using NS2:
Steps to Simulate Smart City Networking Projects in NS2
- Install NS2
Make sure that NS2 is installed on system. If it’s not installed yet, install it by following the standard steps:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ns2
- Define Smart City Components
Smart City Networking involves numerous key components:
- IoT Sensors: Devices for monitoring traffic, air quality, street lighting, utilities, etc.
- Smart Traffic Systems: Intelligent systems for traffic light control and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication.
- Connected Vehicles (VANETs): Vehicles communicating with each other and with roadside units.
- Utility Monitoring Systems: Systems to track water, electricity, gas, and other utilities.
- Data Centers/Control Centers: Centres that gather and process data from the city’s sensors and associates the devices.
- Communication Networks: The backbone of the smart city, that can contain Wi-Fi, 4G/5G, and Ethernet.
- Design the Network Topology
Initiate by describing the nodes that signify numerous components like IoT sensors, traffic systems, control centers, and vehicles.
Example Network Topology:
- IoT Sensors to track traffic and environment.
- Control Centers for data collection and analysis.
- Smart Traffic Lights for controlling intersections according to data from sensors.
- Vehicles as mobile nodes communicating with the control center.
- TCL Script for Smart City Network Simulation
4.1 Define Nodes
Generate nodes that signify sensors, vehicles, control centers, and smart traffic systems.
# Create a simulator object
set ns [new Simulator]
# Open trace and NAM files
set tracefile [open “smart_city_network.tr” w]
$ns trace-all $tracefile
set namfile [open “smart_city_network.nam” w]
$ns namtrace-all $namfile
# Define simulation parameters
set val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel ;# Wireless channel for communication
set val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround ;# Propagation model
set val(mac) Mac/802_11 ;# MAC protocol
set val(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue ;# Interface queue
set val(ll) LL ;# Link layer
set val(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna ;# Antenna model
set val(ifqlen) 50 ;# Interface queue length
set val(rp) DSDV ;# Routing protocol (for vehicular and sensor networks)
# Node configurations for IoT sensors, traffic systems, control center, and vehicles
$ns node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \
-llType $val(ll) \
-macType $val(mac) \
-ifqType $val(ifq) \
-ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \
-antType $val(ant) \
-propType $val(prop) \
-channelType $val(chan)
# Create nodes for sensors, vehicles, traffic lights, and control center
set sensor1 [$ns node] ;# IoT sensor 1
set sensor2 [$ns node] ;# IoT sensor 2
set vehicle1 [$ns node] ;# Vehicle 1
set vehicle2 [$ns node] ;# Vehicle 2
set traffic_light1 [$ns node] ;# Smart traffic light 1
set traffic_light2 [$ns node] ;# Smart traffic light 2
set control_center [$ns node] ;# Smart city control center
# Set initial positions for IoT sensors, vehicles, and traffic lights
$sensor1 set X_ 50
$sensor1 set Y_ 100
$sensor1 set Z_ 0.0
$sensor2 set X_ 150
$sensor2 set Y_ 100
$sensor2 set Z_ 0.0
$vehicle1 set X_ 100
$vehicle1 set Y_ 50
$vehicle1 set Z_ 0.0
$vehicle2 set X_ 200
$vehicle2 set Y_ 50
$vehicle2 set Z_ 0.0
$traffic_light1 set X_ 100
$traffic_light1 set Y_ 150
$traffic_light1 set Z_ 0.0
$traffic_light2 set X_ 200
$traffic_light2 set Y_ 150
$traffic_light2 set Z_ 0.0
$control_center set X_ 250
$control_center set Y_ 250
$control_center set Z_ 0.0
- Set up Communication Links
5.1 Wireless Communication between Sensors and Control Center
Describe wireless links among IoT sensors and the control centre to replicate wireless data transmission.
# Define wireless communication between sensors and the control center
$ns duplex-link $sensor1 $control_center 10Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $sensor2 $control_center 10Mb 10ms DropTail
5.2 Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Communication
Describe communication links among vehicles and traffic lights (V2I) for smart traffic management.
# Communication between vehicles and smart traffic lights
$ns duplex-link $vehicle1 $traffic_light1 1Mb 20ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $vehicle2 $traffic_light2 1Mb 20ms DropTail
- Configure Traffic Patterns
We can describe traffic patterns using TCP for reliable communication or UDP for less sensitive data transmission, like environmental sensor data.
6.1 Define TCP Traffic for Critical Data
Utilize TCP to replicate reliable communication among IoT sensors and the control center.
# Define TCP agent for sensor 1 data to control center
set tcp_sensor1 [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $sensor1 $tcp_sensor1
# Define TCP sink at the control center
set sink_control_center [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $control_center $sink_control_center
# Connect the TCP agent to the sink
$ns connect $tcp_sensor1 $sink_control_center
# Define application traffic (e.g., periodic data from IoT sensors)
set app_sensor1 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$app_sensor1 attach-agent $tcp_sensor1
$app_sensor1 set packetSize_ 512
$app_sensor1 set interval_ 0.1
$ns at 1.0 “$app_sensor1 start”
6.2 Define UDP Traffic for Non-Critical Data
We can utilize UDP for non-critical data, like public announcements or environmental monitoring data.
# Define UDP agent for sensor 2
set udp_sensor2 [new Agent/UDP]
$ns attach-agent $sensor2 $udp_sensor2
# Define UDP sink at the control center
set sink_udp_control [new Agent/Null]
$ns attach-agent $control_center $sink_udp_control
# Connect the UDP agent to the sink
$ns connect $udp_sensor2 $sink_udp_control
# Define application traffic for UDP (e.g., environmental data)
set app_sensor2 [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$app_sensor2 attach-agent $udp_sensor2
$app_sensor2 set packetSize_ 512
$app_sensor2 set interval_ 0.2
$ns at 1.5 “$app_sensor2 start”
- Add Mobility to Vehicles
To replicate smart traffic systems, add mobility to the vehicles. NS2 supports the Random Waypoint mobility model; however we can describe custom mobility models for vehicles moving along predefined routes.
# Define mobility for vehicles
$ns at 0.0 “$vehicle1 setdest 300 50 20.0”
$ns at 5.0 “$vehicle2 setdest 400 100 25.0”
- Run the Simulation
After configuring the topology, traffic, and mobility, executes the simulation. The simulation will create a trace file and a NAM file for visualization.
ns smart_city_network.tcl
- Visualize the Simulation
We can utilize the NAM (Network Animator) tool to envision the smart city simulation.
nam smart_city_network.nam
- Analyze Simulation Results
The trace file smart_city_network.tr will encompass detailed information about packet transmissions, latency, losses, and other parameters. We can measure the performance of the smart city network by analysing:
- Throughput: Data transmission rates among the IoT sensors, control centre, and vehicles.
- End-to-End Delay: Time taken for data to travel from sensors or vehicles to the control center.
- Packet Loss: The number of packets lost in transmission among different network components.
- Network Congestion: Measure network traffic to control congestion points, especially in the course of high data loads.
We can utilize AWK, Perl, or Python scripts to process and evaluate the trace file for certain parameters.
We performed a general approach on how to simulate and evaluate the smart city networking projects employing in the ns2 simulating platform. If you required more information on this process, we will deliver in further manual.
