To simulate Smart Grid Networks in NS2 has needs to configure the communication protocols that reflect the data exchanges among numerous entities like smart meters, control centres, distributed energy resources, and electric vehicles. Smart Grid Networks have certain requirements like low latency, reliability, scalability, and security.
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Here’s a general approach to simulate Smart Grid Networks in NS2:
Steps to Simulate Smart Grid Networks Projects in NS2
- Install NS2
Make sure that NS2 is installed on system. we can install it using the following command:
sudo apt-get install ns2
- Define the Smart Grid Communication Structure
A Smart Grid includes numerous components such as:
- Smart Meters: Sensors in homes or businesses that gather data.
- Control Center: Centralized entity that processes the data.
- Distributed Energy Resources (DER): Energy resources that be renewable (solar, wind).
- Electric Vehicles (EVs): Mobile energy resources and consumers.
- Configure NS2 for Smart Grid Simulation
Smart Grid communication occurs over numerous kinds of networks, involves wireless, wired, and power line communication (PLC). In NS2, we can replicate this by configuring proper network topology and nodes.
3.1 Modify TCL Script to Define Nodes
# Create the simulator instance
set ns [new Simulator]
# Open files for trace and visualization
set tracefile [open “smartgrid_network.tr” w]
$ns trace-all $tracefile
set namfile [open “smartgrid_network.nam” w]
$ns namtrace-all $namfile
# Define simulation parameters
set val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel ;# Using wireless communication for smart grid nodes
set val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround ;# Two-ray ground propagation model
set val(mac) Mac/802_11 ;# MAC protocol
set val(ifq) Queue/DropTail/PriQueue ;# Interface queue
set val(ifqlen) 50 ;# Max packets in the queue
set val(ant) Antenna/OmniAntenna ;# Omni-directional antenna for smart meters
set val(ll) LL ;# Link layer
# Node configurations
$ns node-config -adhocRouting DSR \
-llType $val(ll) \
-macType $val(mac) \
-ifqType $val(ifq) \
-ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \
-antType $val(ant) \
-propType $val(prop) \
-phyType Phy/WirelessPhy \
-channelType $val(chan)
# Create nodes: smart meters, control centers, DER, EVs
set sm1 [$ns node] ;# Smart Meter 1
set sm2 [$ns node] ;# Smart Meter 2
set control_center [$ns node] ;# Control center
set der [$ns node] ;# Distributed Energy Resource
set ev [$ns node] ;# Electric Vehicle
# Set up initial positions for the nodes
$sm1 set X_ 50
$sm1 set Y_ 50
$sm1 set Z_ 0.0
$sm2 set X_ 100
$sm2 set Y_ 100
$sm2 set Z_ 0.0
$control_center set X_ 200
$control_center set Y_ 200
$control_center set Z_ 0.0
$der set X_ 300
$der set Y_ 300
$der set Z_ 0.0
$ev set X_ 150
$ev set Y_ 150
$ev set Z_ 0.0
# Mobility (optional for mobile components like EVs)
$ns at 5.0 “$ev setdest 250 250 10.0”
# Set up wireless connections
$ns duplex-link $sm1 $control_center 10Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $sm2 $control_center 10Mb 10ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $control_center $der 10Mb 5ms DropTail
$ns duplex-link $control_center $ev 10Mb 5ms DropTail
# Routing protocol configuration (you can use DSR or AODV)
$ns rtproto DSR
# Termination of the simulation
$ns at 100.0 “finish”
# Define finish procedure
proc finish {} {
global ns tracefile namfile
close $tracefile
close $namfile
$ns halt
}
# Run the simulation
$ns run
3.2 Configure Communication Models for Smart Grid:
To replicate communication over different channels such as Wi-Fi for smart meters, Ethernet for control centres, we can utilize different channel kinds or hybrid communication systems.
Example of wired communication:
set wired_channel [new Channel]
$ns duplex-link $control_center $der 100Mb 2ms DropTail
- Define Traffic Patterns
In Smart Grid Networks, communication is mostly data transmission from smart meters to the control centre and back to the distributed resources. We can replicate these traffic flows using agents such as TCP or CBR (Constant Bit Rate).
# Define a TCP agent and traffic source
set tcp_agent [new Agent/TCP]
$ns attach-agent $sm1 $tcp_agent
set traffic [new Application/Traffic/CBR]
$traffic attach-agent $tcp_agent
$traffic set packetSize_ 512
$traffic set interval_ 0.01
# Attach sink agent at control center
set sink [new Agent/TCPSink]
$ns attach-agent $control_center $sink
# Connect the TCP agent to the sink
$ns connect $tcp_agent $sink
# Start traffic
$ns at 0.1 “$traffic start”
- Set Up Mobility for Electric Vehicles
Electric vehicles (EVs) are mobile nodes in a Smart Grid. We can set their mobility using a random waypoint or predefined path.
$ns at 1.0 “$ev setdest 200 300 15.0”
- Visualize the Simulation
After describing the topology and traffic, execute the simulation and use NAM to envision it:
ns smartgrid_network.tcl
nam smartgrid_network.nam
- Analyse Simulation Results
Measure key performance indicators such as:
- Latency: Time taken for data to travel between smart meters and control centers.
- Throughput: Data rate for communication among smart meters and control centers.
- Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR): The number of successfully delivered packets over the total number of packets sent.
- Energy Consumption: Simulate energy-efficient communication approches.
We can extract outcomes from the trace file (smartgrid_network.tr) using AWK or Python scripts.
- Enhance with Advanced Features
- Distributed Energy Resources (DER): Incorporate DER communication models for bidirectional communication (energy flow data) among the grid and distributed resources.
- Cybersecurity: Apply security protocols to replicate attacks such as man-in-the-middle or denial-of-service (DoS) and measure the flexibility of the smart grid.
- AI-Based Management: We can replicate utilize of AI for predictive maintenance or dynamic resource allocation in a smart grid.
Through this procedure, we had successfully delivered the complete procedure to simulate the Smart Grid Networks projects with the help of ns2 tool. We can also offer additional information regarding this process.
