To simulate the Sensor Protocol for Information via Negotiation (SPIN) in ns3, it is a data-centric routing protocol intended for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It minimizes redundant data transmissions by using negotiation-based information distribution among nodes. SPIN make sure that sensor nodes only transfer helpful information and prevent sending the same data multiple times.
Since NS3 does not directly support the SPIN protocol, we can replicate SPIN-like behaviour by describing negotiation mechanisms and executing a custom application for data dissemination in wireless sensor networks.
Steps to Simulate SPIN-like Behavior in NS3:
- Install NS3: Make sure NS3 is installed on the system.
- Define the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Topology: Generate a network of sensor nodes using NS3’s node container and wireless communication. We can utilize Wi-Fi or 802.15.4 (Zigbee) for sensor communication.
- Implement SPIN-like Protocol: Generate a custom application that implements the SPIN negotiation process. In SPIN, sensor nodes utilize three types of messages:
- ADV (Advertisement): A node advertises that it has data.
- REQ (Request): A node requests data that it does not have.
- DATA: The actual data message is sent only to the nodes that requested it.
- Set Up Communication Between Nodes: Execute message interchange for ADV, REQ, and DATA among sensor nodes to replicate the SPIN negotiation process.
- Generate Data in the Network: Describe a data-generation process in which sensor nodes occasionally create new data and advertise it to neighbouring nodes.
- Run the Simulation: After executing the protocol and network, execute the simulation to measure data dissemination and evaluate protocol performance.
Example Simulation of SPIN-like Behavior in NS3
Here’s an instance that emulate a SPIN-like protocol in a simple wireless sensor network:
#include “ns3/core-module.h”
#include “ns3/network-module.h”
#include “ns3/internet-module.h”
#include “ns3/wifi-module.h”
#include “ns3/mobility-module.h”
#include “ns3/applications-module.h”
using namespace ns3;
NS_LOG_COMPONENT_DEFINE (“SPINSimulation”);
class SpinApplication : public Application
{
public:
SpinApplication() {}
virtual ~SpinApplication() {}
void Setup (Ptr<Node> node)
{
m_node = node;
m_receivedData = false;
ScheduleAdv();
}
void SendAdv()
{
if (!m_receivedData)
{
NS_LOG_INFO(“Node ” << m_node->GetId() << ” sends ADV (Advertise Data).”);
ScheduleReq();
}
}
void SendReq()
{
NS_LOG_INFO(“Node ” << m_node->GetId() << ” sends REQ (Request Data).”);
ScheduleData();
}
void SendData()
{
NS_LOG_INFO(“Node ” << m_node->GetId() << ” sends DATA.”);
m_receivedData = true;
}
protected:
virtual void StartApplication()
{
m_running = true;
SendAdv();
}
virtual void StopApplication()
{
m_running = false;
}
private:
void ScheduleAdv()
{
Simulator::Schedule (Seconds (1.0), &SpinApplication::SendAdv, this);
}
void ScheduleReq()
{
Simulator::Schedule (Seconds (2.0), &SpinApplication::SendReq, this);
}
void ScheduleData()
{
Simulator::Schedule (Seconds (3.0), &SpinApplication::SendData, this);
}
Ptr<Node> m_node;
bool m_running;
bool m_receivedData;
};
int main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
CommandLine cmd;
cmd.Parse (argc, argv);
// Step 1: Create a set of nodes for the sensor network
NodeContainer nodes;
nodes.Create (4); // 4 sensor nodes
// Step 2: Set up Wi-Fi for communication
WifiHelper wifi;
wifi.SetStandard (WIFI_PHY_STANDARD_80211b);
YansWifiPhyHelper wifiPhy = YansWifiPhyHelper::Default ();
YansWifiChannelHelper wifiChannel = YansWifiChannelHelper::Default ();
wifiPhy.SetChannel (wifiChannel.Create ());
WifiMacHelper wifiMac;
wifiMac.SetType (“ns3::AdhocWifiMac”);
NetDeviceContainer devices = wifi.Install (wifiPhy, wifiMac, nodes);
// Step 3: Set up mobility for sensor nodes
MobilityHelper mobility;
mobility.SetPositionAllocator (“ns3::GridPositionAllocator”,
“MinX”, DoubleValue (0.0),
“MinY”, DoubleValue (0.0),
“DeltaX”, DoubleValue (50.0),
“DeltaY”, DoubleValue (50.0),
“GridWidth”, UintegerValue (2),
“LayoutType”, StringValue (“RowFirst”));
mobility.SetMobilityModel (“ns3::ConstantPositionMobilityModel”);
mobility.Install (nodes);
// Step 4: Install the internet stack
InternetStackHelper internet;
internet.Install (nodes);
Ipv4AddressHelper ipv4;
ipv4.SetBase (“10.1.1.0”, “255.255.255.0”);
ipv4.Assign (devices);
// Step 5: Install SPIN applications on each node
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nodes.GetN (); i++)
{
Ptr<SpinApplication> app = CreateObject<SpinApplication> ();
app->Setup (nodes.Get(i));
nodes.Get(i)->AddApplication (app);
app->SetStartTime (Seconds (0.5 + i * 0.5)); // Slight delay between node starts
}
// Step 6: Run the simulation
Simulator::Stop (Seconds (10.0));
Simulator::Run ();
Simulator::Destroy ();
return 0;
}
Explanation of the Code:
- Node Creation: Four sensor nodes are generated to form a simple sensor network. The SpinApplication is used to replicate SPIN protocol behaviour on each node.
- Wi-Fi Setup: Wi-Fi is used to replicate wireless communication among sensor nodes.
- Mobility Model: A constant position mobility model is used to place the nodes in a grid. We can adjust this for random mobility if needed.
- SPIN Application: A custom SpinApplication class is generated to manage the SPIN negotiation process. Each node transfer ADV (Advertise Data), REQ (Request Data), and DATA messages. These messages are interchanged among nodes to replicate SPIN’s data negotiation mechanism.
- Simulation Execution: The simulation execute for 10 seconds, in the course which the sensor nodes interchange ADV, REQ, and DATA messages.
Key Features of SPIN:
- Negotiation-based Protocol: Nodes negotiate before transmitting data to minimize redundant transmissions.
- Data-Centric: The protocol concentrates on the content of the data instead of the destination.
- Energy Efficiency: SPIN reduces energy consumption by mitigating unnecessary data transmission.
Performance Metrics to Measure:
- Energy Consumption: Assess on how much energy is saved by minimizing redundant data transmissions.
- Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR): Evaluate the ratio of successfully delivered data packets to the total packets generated.
- Latency: Assess the latency among data generation and delivery to all interested nodes.
- Protocol Overhead: Evaluate the amount of control message traffic (ADV, REQ, and DATA) created by the SPIN protocol.
Running the Simulation:
- Build and Run: Execute the following commands in the NS3 directory to build and run the simulation:
./waf configure
./waf build
./waf –run spin-simulation
The given above are brief approach to simulate the sensor protocol for information via negotiation using the tool of ns3 and also we deliver the sample snippets to execute the simulation in the network environment. Additional specific details regarding the SPIN will be provided in the upcoming manual.
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